400 ' BOTANY. 



vite, Cugini figures different forms of Phoma and Sphwropsis which occur 

 on the vine. Prillieux has a note in the Comptes Eendus on the root- 

 rot of the vine caused by Rosleria hypogcea, and Le Monnier gives the 

 result of his observations on the disease in the Bulletin of the Nat- 

 ural History Society of Nancy. Prillieux, who examined the disease of 

 hyacinths in France, which is supposed to be the same as what is called 

 in Germany "ringel kranheit," considers that the disease is caused by 

 insects and not by molds, as was believed by Sorauer. In the Amer- 

 ican Naturalist are papers bj^ Prof. T. J. Burrill and W. K. Bigley. 

 The former, in his article on Bacteria as a Cause of Disease in Plants, gives 

 an account of his studies of the pear blight which, he thinks, is caused 

 by a form of bacterium and which can be transferred by inoculation to 

 healthy trees. The "yellows" of peaches is caused by a similar bac- 

 terium, as are also diseases of the Lombardy poplar and the aspeu. 

 The paper of Mr. Higley is entitled the Microscopic and General Charac- 

 ters of the Peach Tree affected with the Yellows, which he attributes not to 

 bacteria, but to some higher form of fungus of which he found the my- 

 celium. 



THALLOPHYTES. 



The paper of De Bary, Zur SystematiJc der Thallophyten, published 

 in the Botanische Zeitung for January, makes a change in the disposi- 

 tion of the members of this difficult group of cryptogams, and his views 

 on the subject are again expressed later in the year in his Untersuchungen 

 iiher die Peronosporeen, &c. The four principal divisions, Garposporew, 

 OogamcB, Isogamce, and Agamce, correspond in general to the four divis- 

 ions of Sachs, but the arrangement of the orders under them is different, 

 and, to illustrate his views of the connection of the order, De Bary gives a 

 somewhat complicated table in which, under the four main divisions men- 

 tioned above, are several vertical columns in which the orders are arranged 

 so as to show their relation to one another and the higher cryptogams. 

 The chlorophyllaceous algce form the base which passes through the 

 Oedogoniece and Coleochcvte to the Bryophyta and Pteridophyta, while the 

 Floridew and Fungi on one hand, and the Phaophycew on the other, form 

 aberrant groups. The Botanische Zeitung for August contains another 

 classification of Thallophytes by Gobi. He proposes to substitute the 

 name Glwophytce for Thallophytes, owing to the gelatinous nature of 

 the cells in this group, and gives a table in which De Bary's four main 

 divisions are represented as segments of concentric circles, and the 

 orders, taken somewhat comprehensively, to be sure, are represented by 

 radial hues. In the Gioruale Botanico, Caruel also proposes a new 

 system of the vegetable kingdom in which the arrangement of the 

 Thallophytes is new. In this connection may be mentioned the work of 

 Saporta and Marion, Involution des cryptogames, which, although prop- 

 erly coming under the department of paleontology, contains a summary of 

 what is known of the development of living Thallophytes. 



Algce. — Number four of the monographs, to illustrate the flora and 



