BOTANY. 407 



thrown off, and the naked apex then retains its activity. An account 

 of the development of the embryo of Isoetes lacustris is given by Kienitz- 

 Gerloff in the Botanische Zeituug. 



PHJENOGAMS. 



But a brief notice can be given of the numerous descriptive works on 

 phaenogams which have appeared during the year. Kehiting to this 

 country we have to notice a List of State and Local Floras of the United 

 States, by Gerard and Britton, in the Torrey Bulletin; a List o/JV>?r 

 Jersey Plants, including also cryptogams, by N. L. Britton; n List of 

 Michigan Plants, by Irwin F. Smith, and sl Catalogue of the Phccnogamous 

 and Vascular Cryptogamous Plants of Indiana, by the editors of the Bo- 

 tanical Gazette and Professor Barnes. Dr.Engelmann, in Some Additions 

 to the i^orth American Flora, in the Botanical Gazette, has described six 

 new species, principally from California and Arizona. In the same 

 journal Eaton has described a new cynaroid-composite, Saussnrea Ameri- 

 cana, from Washington Territory; E. L. Greene a number of new si)ecies 

 from New Mexico and Arizona ; Thomas Morong a new Potamogeton 

 Hillii, with a figure; Vasey new grasses from Oregon, Calamagrostis 

 HowellU and Alopeciiriis saccatus, and a Trichostcma Parishii from San 

 Diego. In the Gazette is a Comparative View of the Flora of Indiana 

 by Coulter, and notes on Chapmannia and Oarheria by A. U. Curtiss. 

 Among the prominent papers by Meehan should be noticed an account 

 of Mistletoes, and a paper on the origin of Treeless Prairies, which he 

 thinks is in gi-eat part to be attributed to the burning of forests by the 

 aborigines, both of which papers were read before the Philadelphia 

 Academy. The Torrey Bulletin contains notes on Polygala and Lechea 

 by W. H. Leggett, and a description by E. L. Greene of a new Asclcpias 

 pinifolia from Arizona; the American Naturalist two papers, by E. L. 

 Greene, Botanizing on the Colorado, and by J. F. James, Botanical Xotes 

 from Tucson. The first part of Bebb's Herharium SaVwum, containing 

 dried specimens of willows, has been issued this year. 



One of the most important foreign works issued during the year was 

 De Candolle's Monographice Phanerogamarum, vol. iii, containing 1,008 

 pages and 8 plates, including the following monographs: Philydracece, 

 bj' Caruel; Alismncece, Butomacew, Jwicagincw, by Micheli; Commelina- 

 ceoi, by C. B. Clarke; and Cucurhitaceo', comprising nearly two-thirds of 

 the volume, by Cogniaux. The third portion of Nymau's Conspectus 

 FlorceEuropeoc, mitlndhv^CorolliJlora-Monochlamydccc, has also ai)peared 

 this year. Three important works by Benthara, in the Journal of the 

 Linnean Society, should be noticed : J^otes on Orchidcw, Notes on Cypera- 

 cecc, with special reference to Lestibaudais's Essay on Beaurois''s Genera. 

 and the especially valuable Notes on Graminece, in which he exi>resses 

 his views with regard to the classification of grasses. Engler's Jalir- 

 biicher contains papers by Engler himself on iho, Morphological Pclations 

 and Geographical Distribution of the Genus Ehus, in connection with the 



