ZOOLOGY. 417 



liar relationship bas been designated Si/mhiosis, and is justly regarded 

 by Dr. Brandt as one of the most remarkable phenomena in nature. 

 Mori)hologically, the algaj are parasites; the animals are ])hysiologi- 

 cally. 



The symbiotic plants are developed under two so-called generic modi- 

 fications {Zoochlorella and Zooxanthella are the names conferred on 

 them) and several species. (J. E. M. S. 2, 1., 241-4.) 



The telegraph and animal life. 



Certain manifestations of animal life have been co-ordinated with the 

 ctiects of the telegraph, by Nielson, director of the Norwegian telegraph 

 system. The telegraph posts in the pine region, even when sulphate 

 of copper has been applied, have been pecked into by woodpeckers, 

 especially near the insulators, and it is assumed that this has resulted 

 from the birds mistaking the sonorous vibration of the wires for insect 

 sounds. Bears, too, are attracted by the sounds, and disturb the stones 

 which are heaped around the poles, in their endeavors to get at the 

 bees whose humming is simulated by the vibrations. On the other 

 hand, wolves are said to be frightened away by the sound of the wires^ 

 and a member of the Storthing, or Norwegian parliament, voted for a 

 grant to a telegraph line, not because the line would be of direct use to- 

 his constituents, but because the wolves would be thcxeby frightened 

 awaj\ We register these observations withont any indorsement of our 

 own. 



PROTOZOANS. 



Balbiaui (E. G.) Lea Organismes Unicellulaires. Les Protozoaires. Lefons faites au 



CoUdge de France. Joitrn. de Microgr., 5. ann., pp. G3, 116, 156, 203, 257, 292, 321, 



357, 388, 435. 

 Biitschli (O.) Protozoa. Neu bearbcitet. 2.-7. Lief. Leijizig, C. F. Winter, 1881. 



(Broun's Klasseu und Ordunngen. — 8vo. Each Leif. HL 1.50.) 

 Kent (William Saville). A Manual of tbe Infusoria, including a description of all 



known Flagellate, Ciliate, and Tentaculiferous Protozoa, British and Foreign, and 



an account of the organization and affinities of the S]Jonges. London, 1680-1881. 



(8vo.) 

 Maggi (Leop. ) Intorno ai Protisti ed alia loro clas'ificazioue. II. Delia classificazione 



dei Protisli. Boll. Scienlif., anno 3, pp. 16-23. 

 Eyder'( J. A.) Occurrence of the same species of Protozoa on both sides of the Atlantic. 



Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc. Phila., 1881, p. 442, 443. 



SPECIAL GROUPS. 



Pulsaiwia. 



Geddes (Patrick). Sur uno nouvelle sous-classe d'Infusoires. Compi. rend. Acad. Sc, 

 Paris, t. 93, p. 1085-1087. 



Phizopoda. 



Biitschli (0.) Beitriige zur Kenntniss der Radiolarienskellctte, insbesondere derder 



Cyrtida. Zcituchr. f. wiss. Zool., v. 36, pp. 485-540. 

 Hacckel (Ernst). Entwurf eines Radiolarien-Systems auf Grund von Studien der 



Challeuger-Kadiolarieu. Jena. Zeitschr.f. Naturwisi., v. 1.5, pp. 418-472. 

 S. Mis. 109 27 



