ZOOLOGY. 419 



180 times per minute." Mr. Patrick Geddcs' investigation of these 

 bodies convinced liim that they were parasitic infusorians "u ith such 

 Mell-marked characteristics as to warrant their distinction as a peculiar 

 primary group (which he called a " sub-class") co-ordinate with the Suc- 

 toria ciliata and Flagellata, and which he has named Pulsatoria. They 

 deviate from the infusoria generally by the suppression of the cilia 

 (which would not be available for locomotion among the cells of the 

 mesoderm) and the differentiation of the contractile vesicle. " This dif- 

 ferentiation," it is added, "is certainly very remarkable from every point 

 of view when we consider the relatively enormous size of the vacuole, the 

 development of the contractile fibers which limit it, or the rapidity of 

 tlieir contraction." The new type has received the specific uamePulsa- 

 tella convoluted. Other Planarians were searched for similar organisms, 

 but without success. (J. E. M. S. 2, II, 204-205, from Coniptes Rend. 

 Acad. Sc, XCIII, 1085-1087.) 



POKIFERS. 



GENERAL. 



Schulz (Frz. Eilli.) Untersucbungeu iiber den Bau und die Entwickelung der Spon- 

 gien. — 10 Mittheil. Corticiiim candelabrum O. Schm. Zeitschr.f. wisa. ZooL, v. 35, 

 pp. 410-430. 



SPECIAL GROUPS. 



Fibrosa. 



Carter (J. H.) History and Classification of the known species of Spongilla. Ann. 4' 



Mag. Nat. Hist., (5,) x. 7, pp. 77-107, 2 pi. 

 Dyl)owski,(W.) Eiuige Bemerkungen iiber die Veriinderlichkeit der Form und Gestalt 



von LubomirsMa baicalensis iind iiber die Verbreitung der Baikalscliwiimme im 



Allgemeinen. Bull. Acad. Sc. St.P4tersb., v. 31, pp. 45-50; M6lang. Molog., v. 11, 



pp. 41-47. 

 Potts (E.) Some new Genera of Fresh-water Sponges. Proc. Acad. Xai. Sc. Phila., 



1881, pp. 149-150. 

 Schulzo (F. E.) Sur la structure et la disposition dcs parties molles de I'Euplectella 



aspergillum. Arch. ZooL Exjj&im., t. 9, Notes, etc., p. xxvii. 



Camai'aphysemidce. 



Ryder (John A.) On Camaraphysema, a new tyye of Sponge. Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 

 V. 3, p. 269-272. 



FOSSIL SPONGES. 



Whitfield (R. P.) Observations on the Structure of Dictyophyton and its afiinities 

 with certain Sponges. Amcr. Jonr. Sc, (3,) v. 22, pp. 53-54; Jwn. </ Mag. Nat. 

 Hist., (5,) Y. 8, pp. 167-168. 



On the Nature of Dictyophyton. Amer. Joitrn. Sc, (3,) v. 22, p. 122; Ann. ^ 



Mag. Nat. Hist., (5,) v. 8, pp. 237. 



APPENDIX. 



Parasites. 



Carter (H. J.) On Spongiophaga in Spongilla. Ann. 4- Mag. Nat. Hist., (5,) v. 8, 



p. 222. 

 Duncan (P. Mart. ) On an Organism which penetrates and excavates siliceous Sponge- 



spicula {Spongiophaga Carteri). Ann. 4- Mag. Nat. Hist., (5,) v. 8, p. 120-122. 



