ZOOLOGY. 437 



mens, wliicli thej'^ insert iu correspondingly small spiral shells. Other 

 remarkable modifications are exemplified in various new genera, desig- 

 nated as MixtopagtiriiSy Ostraconotus, Xylopagurus, &c. Again, the 

 family of the Galatheidae, which was previously not known to be rep- 

 resented in American waters, furnished 41 species, representing a 

 number of new genera, as well as the widely distributed old genera, 

 Galathea and Mimida, the latter of which was increased by the addition of 

 11 new species. Species of the family extend downward to the depth of 

 2,000 fathoms or more. Finally, the family of Dromiidaj is no w ascertained 

 to be characteristic of the deep and rich in species, and the family of 

 EryontidsB is confirmed as an equally characteristic deep sea type, Ee- 

 duction or complete atrophy of the eyes was a common attribute of 

 the newly discovered species, but by no means universal. A species of 

 Munida, on the contrary, was marked by an excessive development of 

 the eyes. They are thus analogous in this respect, as a whole, to the 

 deep-sea fishes. 



Beep-sea Crustaceans near the Ifew England coast. 



The deep equatorial seas are not singular. While such rich acces- 

 sions have been made to the class of Crustaceans from the deep Carib- 

 bean and Gulf seas, additions of no inconsiderable importance have 

 also accrued from the exploration of tiie ocean farther north. Under 

 the auspices of the United States Fish Commission, in 1880, the 

 steamer Fish Hawk made three dredging trips to the "Block Island 

 soundings," off the eastern end of Long Island, between latitude 39° 

 4C' and 40=^ 06' N., and longitude 70° 22' and 71° 10' W. The depths 

 explored varied from G4 to 500 fathoms. The Crustaceans obtained on 

 these trips were studied by Prof. Sydney I. Smith. Professor Smith 

 remarks that "the richness, in both species and individuals, of this 

 Crustacean fauna would never have been suspected, and scarcely 

 dreamed of, by one accustomed only to the meagre fauna of the shal- 

 lower waters of the south coast of New England. The larger part of 

 the species secured from the great masses of material brought up in 

 the trawl and dredge are Decapoda." There are comparatively few small 

 species of Schizopoda, Cumacea and Amjihipoda, and further dredging 

 will undoubtedly increase very greatly the number of species in those 

 groujxs. Premising tbat the "enumeration is not comijlete even for the 

 Decapoda," Professor Smith enumerates just 50 species, of which some 

 are widely diffused, although 43 of them are for the first time recorded 

 "as belonging to the New England fauna south of Cape Cod"; 14 are 

 described as new^, and 3 others are indicated as partially new, while one 

 new generic type was discovered — Jlenupagurus, with two species — 

 belonging to tlie family Pagurida3, so much enlarged by Prof. A. Milne 

 Edwards. Thirty-two of the species were Decapoda; the others were 

 Schizopoda (4), Cumacea (1), Stomatopoda (1), Amphipoda (7), and 

 Isopoda (5). 



