462 ZOOLOGY. 



Rebzins (Gust.). DasGehororgan derWirbelthiere. Morpliologisch-histologische Stn- 

 dien. I. Das Geliororgan der Fisclie und Atnpliibieu. Mit 35 Taf. Stockholm, 

 Samson und Wallin, 1881. (gr. 4to. xi, 222 pp., 35 Bl. Xafelerklarung. ) 



Schnlin (Karl). Zur Morpbologie des Ovarium. Arch. /. mikroskop. Anat., v, 19, pp. 

 •142-512, 3 pi. 



Development of paired limbs. 



Several naturalists — e. g., Maclise, Humphrey — bad long ago sug- 

 gested that the paired fins were morphologically parallel with the 

 median ones, but, on account of the crudity of their conceptions and 

 the insufficiency of the evidence adduced, they failed to convince their 

 fellow-workers of the soundness of their conclusions. Later, Mr. F. M. 

 Balfour was led to "the conclusion that the vertebrate limbs were rem- 

 nants of two continuous lateral fins " by the study of their development, 

 and soon after Mr. J. K. Thacher, of New Haven, and followiug him 

 Mr. St. George Mivart, reached the same results through anatomical 

 studies. Objections having been raised against the soundness of these 

 conclusions, the subject was re-examined in 1881 by Mr. Balfour, by 

 reference to the development of the pectoral and ventral fias in Scylliids 

 as well as their structure in the adult. After paying due attention to 

 the observations and criticisms of several naturalists — especially Da- 

 \ddott" and Gegenbaur — he reiterates the opinion that " the skeleton of 

 both the paired and the unpaired fins of Elasmobranchs and Lepidos- 

 tens is in its development indej^endent of the axial skeleton," but 

 admits that "the phylogenetic mode of origin of the skeleton, both of 

 the paired and of the unpaired fins, cannot, however, be made out with- 

 out further investigation." He aptly dissents (as the recorder did in 

 1872) from Gegenbaur's view as to the archypterygium, and also, but 

 apparently with far less reason, from the "derivation of the folds, of 

 which the paired fins of the Yertebrata are supposed to be specializa- 

 tions, from the lateral folds oi Amphioxus.^'' His reasons for dissent in the 

 latter instance have not been given. It may be added, in this connec- 

 tion, that the ancestors of the Myzonts probably had the lateral fins, and 

 their absence in all the surviving members of the class is doubtless due 

 to the elongation of the body. (P. Z. S., 1881, G56-G71, pis. 57, 58.) 



FISHES IN GENERAL. 

 ANATOMY. 



Integumentary system. 



Hertwig (Oscar). Ueber das Hautskelet der Fische. 3. Abtheil. (Pediculati, Disco- 

 boli, Diana, Centriscidae, Triglidse, Plectognathi.) Morphoiog. Jahrb., v. 7, pp. 1-42, 

 4 pi. 



Osseous system. 



Klein (von). Beitriigo zui Osteologie der Fiscbe. Jahreshft. d. Ver.f.vat, Naturk. 



Wurttumb., 37. Jabrg., pp. 325-3G0. Mit 1 Taf. 



Wiedeisbeim (R.). Uob< r das Beckcn der Fiscbe. Morpholog. Jahrh., v. 7, pp. 32^ 



327. 



