486 ZOOLOGY. 



ognized. While we have thus an increase of nominal species by 

 only 26, the number of forms — species or subspecies — is 1G4 more than 

 were known iu 1859, Bat from the catalogue of 1859 42 names have 

 been eliminated as synonymous with others, and 20 as extra-limital, 

 while there are given as new species in the catalogue of 1881 127 spe- 

 cies, and in addition thereto 89 subspecies, or a total of 220. 395 of 

 the names of the 1859 catalogue are retained in nearly or quite the 

 original form in the new catalogue ; 89 names are changed, and 100 

 forms appear under diflerent genera or subgenera, while 01 of the species 

 of the old catalogue are degraded to the rank of races in the new. The 

 appendix of the new catalogue is especially valuable on account of the 

 detailed information regarding changes that have been made. In this 

 appendix, under different categories, are enumerated : 



A. " Species eliminated from the catalogue of 1859." (Syns. 42 + Ex- 

 tralimital 20=62.) 



B. " Species and races described or added to the I^orth American 

 fauna since 1859." (Sp. 127 + S. sp. 99 = 220.) 



C. "List of genera which have been added to the fauna since 1859, 

 under which are names that have been changed since that time." (26 

 n. g. + 108 changes = 134.) 



D. " Species included in the category which have not yet, according 

 to the records, been actually taken within the prescribed limits." (41.) 



E. "Species (chiefly j^altearctic) which occur only as stragglers or 

 visitants in Eastern Xorth America, or which occur regularly only in 

 Greenland and adjacent portions of the continent." (39.) 



F. "Paliearctic and oceanic species occurring only in Alaska and other 

 parts of the Pacific coast." (24.) 



G. " Palffiarctic species occurring both in Greenland and Alaska, but 

 not recorded from any intermediate point of North America." (4.) 



H. " Tropical American species occurriug only in southern portions 

 of the United States." 



I. " Supposed valid species, described by Audubon and Wilson, which 

 have not been since met with, and of which no specimens are known to 

 exist in collections." (4.) 



J. " List of untenable species and races of North American birds de- 

 scribed since 1858." (35.) 



K. " List of exotic species which have been attributed to North Amer- 

 ica by various authors, but apparently without sufficient evidence of 

 their occurrence." (47.) 



L. " Pa-rtial list of foreign birds which have been introduced to the 

 United States, and those which have been captured after escape from 

 coufliiement." (4 + 10 = 14.) 



It may be added that the species which have been introduced with a 

 view to their naturalization, and have been actually naturalized, are four 

 in number, viz : 



(1.) Passer domesticiis, the too common Eurox)ean house sparrow. 



