ANTHROPOLOGY. 



By Otis T. JMason. 



INTKODUCTION. 



The word progress as applied to any science may mean either addi- 

 tions to our knowledge, without inquiry into their value or relations, or 

 it maj^ imply improvement in the quality of material, the instrumentality 

 of research, or in the significance of results. Our account of the prog- 

 ress of anthropology during 1881 will embrace all the particulars above 

 named. ]S"ot only have students gone on amassing materials and facts 

 from old mines, but they have opened up new leads, as classes of phe- 

 nomena hitherto regarded desultory have shown themselves to be the 

 results of fixed laws. 



As in former summaries, the materials are arranged according to a 

 classification which has been adopted more for the convenience of special 

 students than because it embodies all the facts according to well defined 

 bases of division. And yet the arrangement is not wholly nnphilo- 

 sophical. Whatever the time, the place, the manner, or the condition, 

 the human race had an origin upon our globe. For the discussion of 

 such questions Haeckel uses the term Anthropogeny. 



After this event, came long periods of struggle from the lowest sav- 

 agery up to the time when the iieoples of the earth could record their 

 own history. The record of these epochs is indicated only by a few 

 human remains, and the implements of activity. The study of these 

 remains and their relation to time is called AECHiEOLOGY. 



The exclusion of the past leaves us the present and the future. As 

 he stands before us now, man is an animal, epitomizing in his embryonic 

 growth the history of all faunas, and exhibiting in his adult form those 

 characteristics which engage the attention of the anatomist, the phys- 

 iologist, and the anthropometer. To this extensive study, the old 

 anthropology, so brilliantly pursued by Paul Broca and his school, and 

 so sadly neglected in America since the death of Jeffries Wymau, we 

 may apply the term Antheopo-eiology, or the biology of man. 



Again, we find this being endowed with a set of faculties called intel- 

 lectual, allied in certain iDarticulars to those of the lower animals, but 

 so far transcending them as to form a separate branch of study, requir- 

 ing totally diverse methods and machinery of observation, and enlisting 

 an entirely different set of investigators. To all these studies we have 

 given the name of Compaeatiye PsYcnot.oGY, or Phrenology. 



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