ANTHROPOLOGY. 507 



preliensible, for we should know what words they utter, what their own 

 conceptions and motives were, and on what general law their conduct 

 is based. We should not be long in finding out that all we had seen 

 had reference to a supra-sensible world. The investigation which we 

 are engaged in, therefore, is the study of human behefs, of social organi- 

 zations, activities, instrumentalities, with reference to the supra-sensi- 

 ble, the so-called spirit world. Inasmuch as we have borrowed a spe- 

 cific term from the theologians to stand for the whole study of man, 

 we may be compelled to take the word pneumatology, meaning with 

 them the doctrine of the Holy Spirit, for the science of the spirit \Yorld. 



X.— HEXIOLOGY. 



Professor Mivart, in his monograph upon the cat., devotes a chapter to 

 the hexicology (hexiology ?) of the animal. "Every living creature has 

 also relations with other living creatures, which may tend to destroy it, 

 or indirectly to aid it, and the various physical forces and conditions 

 exercise their several influences upon it. The study of all these com- 

 plex relations to time, space, physical forces, other organisms, and to 

 surrounding conditions generally, constitutes the science of hexicology 

 (hexiology ?). The higher a plant or animal stands in its kingdom the 

 greater will be the variety of influences bearing upon it and the greater 

 will be the diversity of impressions made by any external agent. This 

 being true, the relations of man to force and to matter in the three king- 

 domE of nature would be numerous and complicated. Indeed it is only 

 within our own day that men have conceived the possibility of grappling 

 with this subject at all; and even now treatises upon the subject are so 

 scattered and so mixed up with economics and medicine that it is dis- 

 couraging to attempt a bibliography. The defect is partly remedied by 

 the fact that hexiology is intimately related to other divisions of the 

 subject: to anthropogeny, since all investigations into the evolution of 

 man from a lower form proceed upon the assumption of the modifying 

 and selecting function of environment; to anatomy and psychology, since 

 climate, food, and natural enemies perfect or dwarf the bodies of men 

 not less than their minds ; to ethnology, since the races of men are almost 

 universally believed to be the product of surroundings; to language and 

 technology, since words as well as implements have reference to what 

 is at hand and not to something outside of experience; to art and enjoy- 

 ment, since the sense of beauty grows by what it feeds ujion, preserves 

 and reproduces that which has contributed to its indulgence ; to society, 

 since tribal organization and government are well known to be the sport 

 of geography; to religion, since the gods, the temples, the vestments, 

 and the routine of worship are very much the creatures of the land 

 where they had their origin. 



XI.— INSTRUMENTALITIES. 



The purpose of this section has been so frequently explained that no 

 repetition is needed. Museums, libraries, associations, congresses, jour- 



