MISCELLANEOUS PAPERS RELATING TO ANTHROPOLOGY. 555 



the general surface of the soil, aud thence ran a trench G feet wide 

 towards the west 10 feet. The composition of the mound from surface 

 down was as follows: thin layer of humus; then yellow clay and humus 

 mixed, becoming more largely mixed with humus as it reached the level 

 of the surrounding country, this layer being 2 feet 10 inches; then a 

 thin, light colored layer one-half an inch to an inch in thickness, which 

 I suppose to be ashes of grass and leaves, as there was no sign of char- 

 coal in any i)art of the layer; then a layer of a few inches thickness, 

 similar to the surrounding soil; then a firm yellow clay, that had no 

 appearance of having ever been disturbed. The ash layer was under- 

 mined to the extent of two feet ou each side. It was found to lie hori- 

 zontally aud at about the level of the surrounding ground. aSTothing 

 else was found. 



No. 2, ou the southeast quarter of the northeast quarter section 16, 

 township 11 north, range 2 east, Knox County, Illinois, is 30 feet across, 

 and on the east side of a ravine that runs into Court Creek from the north. 

 The laud is lightlj' timbered. A quarter to a half a mile nearer Court 

 Creek, however, there are some fair-sized trees (2 feet). The ground 

 immediately surrounding has hazel brush and scrub oaks, black-jack, 

 &c. In height the mound is similar to No. 1. Its envelopes are similar, 

 but the ash layer contains decided traces of charcoal. Nothing found 

 by a very positive excavation carried to the depth of 3J feet below 

 level of surrounding surface. In the fields around for a quarter of a 

 mile a great many arrow-points have been found. The twenty-eight 

 nearly or quite perfect ones sent in package to the National Museum 

 were found within this area. 



To the north and a little to the east, ahout 100 rods, there is a very 

 high point of land, from the summit of which an extensive view may 

 be had of the surrounding country. This hill is and has been for thirty 

 or forty years under cultivation, and upon it arrow-points in large num- 

 bers have been found. There are places on it where the ground is white 

 with flakes and chips of the same material as the arrow-points. The 

 stone hatchet of Witterell's collection was found about 40 rods east 

 of the top of the hill. Between this point and where the hatchet was 

 found, the old trail running from Maquon, on Spoon Eiver, to Hender- 

 son Grove, on the head of Henderson Creek, was easily recognized thirty 

 years ago. Upon the eastern slope of this hill and upon both sides of 

 the old trail, and upon the south slope, towards the mound, are found 

 numerous deposits of small, mosfly flat-faced stones. The stones are 

 found now but 2 or 3 inches beneath the surface. These are so placed 

 that their flat faces are on the same horizontal plane, and cov^-r a space 

 of a foot or two, with intervals of a rod or two between them. Many 

 of them are reddish, as if some ore of iron might enter into their com- 

 position, which upon being heated had become changed to red. The 

 stones i^resent other appearances of having been subjected to the in- 

 fluences of fire. 



