MISCELLANEOUS PAPERS RELATING TO ANTHROPOLOGY. 5G1 



also a small piece of galena was exhumed. There was a slight depres- 

 sion on the surface above the deposit. I made an opening 9 feet east 

 of the center, in which was obtained a copper awl or needle 3^ inches 

 long, and three-sixteenths of an inch square, thick in the middle, and 

 sharp pointed at each end. This copper implement was inclosed in 

 some material, which, under a microscope of low magnifying power, has 

 the appearance of being the bark of a tree. This tool lay with the points 

 southwest and northeast. I also found a white-flint spear-point or lance- 

 head, 4 inches long and 1^ inches wide, without notches at the base. 

 We found the flint implement about 10 inches southwest of the copper. 

 This was surrounded by the same red material as the first. We first 

 made an opening 14 feet west of the center of this mound, and at a 

 depth of 3 feet 8 inches we found one copper needle or awl, rounded and 

 pointed 5 three copper beads one-quarter of an inch in diameter and 

 three sixteenths of an inch in length ; one piece of copper tubing or 

 bead 1 inch in length and one-quarter of an inch in diameter; one piece 

 of tubing or bead three-sixteenths of an inch in diameter and 1 inch in 

 length ; one piece If inches in length and one-quarter of an inch in 

 diameter; and five other pieces very much like those described; also a 

 small fragment of a tooth supposed to be human, and several small flint 

 pebbles. 



There are traces of a breastwork or fort, commencing at the south- 

 western part of this mound, about 6 to 12 inches in height. Commenc- 

 ing at the mound it extends southwest 120 feet, thence south 67 feet, 

 thence south-southeast 106 feet, thence to bluff of Spoon River 130 feet 

 (the bluff is 40 feet high), from the mound to the bluff in a straight 

 line southeast 186 feet. 



All the arrow points were finely finished, and far superior to those 

 found on the surface of the ground. This mound is 42 rods west of 

 Spoon River. The bluffs here are composed of the usual yellow clay, 

 and contain very little sand. On the northeast corner of the northwest 

 quarter of the southeast quarter section 5 are three common round 

 mounds, standing in a triangular position to each o.'her, with ^ 

 the largest to the north, the next^in size directly south of it, ^ ^^^ff 

 and the smallest to the east, somewhat like the following f^ • 



figure : • 



On or near the southwest comer of section 4, township 11 north of 

 the base lino 5, east of the fourth principal meridian, are a series of 

 common round and long mounds of more importance than any other yet 

 discovered in this part of Illinois. (See Fig. 2.) Commencing at a 

 point near the foot of a long bluff sloping to the south, and 40 rods 

 north of the south line of section 4, and 10 rods east of the west line, 

 are three common round mounds. For convenience we have numbered 

 these, commencing with the most westerly. The distance is reckoned 

 from center to center of round mounds, and from end to end of long 

 mounds. 



S. Mis. 109 36 



