582 MISCELLANEOUS ■ PAPERS RELATING TO ANTHROPOLOGY. 



liuman bones were all of them more or less broken, the breaking seem- 

 ing to have been done when the bones were fresh. In one or two in- 

 stances only were we able to find the different pieces of the same bone. 

 In one case a femur was broken into three pieces, the head and two parts 

 of the shaft, and these were 2 or 3 feet apart. It may be stated here 

 also that these scattered human bones, the flints and broken pieces of 

 pottery, together with the shells and bones of animals, were all of them 

 above the depth where the skeleton was found, as though they were 

 mixed with the earth of which the mound was built. We could account 

 for this in the following manner : The chips of flint, shells, bones of an- 

 imals, and the scattered human bones were on the surface when the 

 burial took place, and after the body had been placed in position the 

 dirt on the surface that could be the most easily obtained was gathered 

 up together with whatever was scattered over the surface. Of this the 

 mound was built, and, from what we know of the habits of the Indians 

 of the present, it takes but little imagination to form a picture of the 

 squaws gathering up this material in their baskets and carrying it to 

 the place where it was wanted. This would imply that the people who 

 did the burying were cannibals, and the broken character of the scat- 

 tered human bones would in a measure substantiate that view. 



A STONE FOET NEAIi IMAKANDA, JACKSON COUNTY, ILLI. 



NOIS. 



By G. H. French, of Carhondale, III. 



In company with Prof. A. C. Ilillman and Mr. John Martin, one of our 

 students very much interested in natural history, I visited Stone Fort, 

 near Makanda. This place is situated in township 10 south, range 1 

 west, of the third principal meridian, on the east side of the Illinois Cen- 

 tral Railroad, and is about three-fourths of a mile, by road, northeast from 

 the village of Makanda. The country here is very hiUy and rocky, Ma- 

 kanda being situated in a gorge, through which the Drury Creek runs. 

 North of Makanda, where the road turns east, is a side gorge, through 

 which runs a small tributary stream of the Drury, more or less lined 

 with rocky bluffs on both sides. The surface beyond the bluffs in some 

 places slopes upward ; at others the bluffs are nearly as high as the 

 general elevation of the surrounding country. On the west of a bluff 

 known as the Stone Fort another smaller stream comes down between 

 the bluffs. It is now nearly tlry but is well filled with water in times 

 of freshets. Stone Fort is a ledge of rocks projecting out as a rounded 

 point from the northern and eastern side of this second gorge, more 

 toward the stream than the general course of the blufis. On the south- 

 em face the bluff is 125 feet high. Across its neck above extends a pile 

 of stone, running east and west, which gives the place its only import- 



