MISCELLANEOUS PAPERS RELATING TO ANTHROPOLOGY. 629 



I have a i)liotograpli of it, viewed on three sides. On the hips and 

 back are colored zigzag lines of white and brown, intended for orna- 

 iiient. Some years since a male, prob- 

 ably the mate to it, was plowed out near 

 the same place; also an earthen vase and 

 other pottery,- with flint disks. The first- 

 found image was lost or destroyed, and 

 the other soon will be. In style and ar- 

 tistic execution they appear to be the 

 work of the present red man. 



Mr. Tumliu, the owner of the premises, 

 and Mr. Sage, of Cartersville, who knew 

 the country while the Cherokees were in 

 possession of it, state that the summit of 

 the great pyramid was a fortified village, 

 snrronnded by pickets of wood and a 

 slight embankment. This parapet is still 

 visible, but is, at least in part, owing to Fig. 6. 



furrows turned outward in plowing, and, until recently, the stumps of 

 the pickets were struck by the plow. Xear the southeast corner of the 

 area, on the top, is a low mound. It is a third of a mile, at the nearest 

 point, to where there is laud of a height equal to the mound, and there- 

 fore it was a place easily defended. Although the Cherokees made use 

 of it as a fort against the Creeks, they always denied having any knowl- 

 edge of the race or the persons by whom the mound was erected. The 

 gentlemen above named questioned them repeatedly on this point, and 

 always received the same answer. If it had been designed as a place of 

 defense originally, a much less broad and gentle road to the summit 

 would have been made. 



I was attracted to this mound and its surroundings as a type of the 

 flat-top pyramids, so common on the waters of the Gulf of Mexico, which 

 have been by some archaeologists attributed to the present race of red 

 men. In Florida and in Alabama, the early English and Spanish trav- 

 elers found Indian caciques with their wigwams on the top of such 

 mounds, around which were the villages of their tribe. Instances are 

 given where Indian towns occupied spaces surrounded by ancient em- 

 bankments of earth, both with and without mounds. 



Mr. S. F. naven, long distinguished in archaeology as the secretary 

 of the American Antiquarian Society at Worcester, I\rass., in his article 

 in the Smithsonian Contributions for 1855, vol. viii, has referred to an 

 instance of an intrenched fort made by the Arickarces, in a bend of 

 the Missouri Kiver, above Council Blufls. The description of this fort 

 by Lewis and Clark does not give it the character of an earthwork with 

 ditches for defense. It was a temi^orary breastwork of logs and earth 

 and stone, hastily thrown up, such as are common in Indian warfare, 

 and in all warfare. 



