638 MISCELLANEOUS PAPERS RELATING TO ANTHROPOLOGY. 



While many of the usual indications which mark such deposits as 

 artificial, such as the remains of fires, &c., are present, there are two 

 peculiarities worthy of especial notice. One of which is a stratum of 

 river bowlders which divides the deposit of shells, which is over 2 feet 

 in tl kickness, into two very equal parts through its entire exposure. These 

 bowlders were evidently selected with great care for uniformity in size 

 and are about 3 inches in diameter, and are jiacked as closely as in a 

 pavement. The remains of the fires show both above and below these 

 bowlders, but none immediately upon them. The other peculiarity is the 

 abundance of human bones found mixed with the shells, but these are 

 probably of later origin, and, if so, show that the place has subsequently 

 been used for a burial place. 



The large mound at Mouudsville, W. Va., was opened in 1838 by Mr. 

 Tomlinson, who, in opening, drove two shafts into it, one on the plane 

 of the base to its center, the other from the top to the base. The hor- 

 izontal shaft was through a loamy clay as far as driven, which was some 

 12 or 15 feet at the time I was there, and for 3 or 4 feet in from the sur- 

 face on the sides and top was marked with fine dark lines which formed 

 segments of circles springing from each other in successive rows, after 

 the manner of what is sometimes termed the "shell-pattern." These lines 

 were from 12 to IG inches from point to point of contact and 2^ to 3 

 inches apart at their greatest vertical separation. These lines suggested 

 the idea that the mound s had been faced with turf. In support of this 

 hypothesis, it would be necessary to remember the high angle of eleva- 

 tion of the faces of the mound, the height of the mound and the material 

 of which it is composed, and while the angle of inclination of the faces 

 is no more than nature willingly tolerates under such circumstances, 

 yet, unless the faces were protected, they would be much wasted and 

 gullied by the rains before they would be protected by spontaneous veg- 

 etation. The adaptation of the means to the end is apparent in the 

 facility with which the material could be obtained and applied, and in 

 the perfect protection which such a casing would afford. 



ANTIQUITIES OF SOUTHWESTERN PENNSYLVANIA. 



By Rev. Horace Hayden, of West Brownsville, Pa. 



In view of the fact that in the States of Ohio, Indiana, and espe- 

 cially Wisconsin, ancient remains have been so carefully investigated, 

 it must appear strange that the many indicia of a i^rehistoric race in 

 the western ])art of Pennsylvania and in the State of West Virginia 

 should be so little known. At the present date these indicia have been 

 largely decreased by vandalism and by the action of the elements. 

 Many mounds have been plowed down to the surface of the surround- 

 ing ground or leveled to make way for towns. Many of the remark- 



