MISCELLANEOUS PAPERS RELATING TO ANTHROPOLOGY. 645 



paring, entitled "An Inquiry into the Origin and Antiqnit.^ of the Indian 

 Race." I have never yet found an Indian drawing or signature of his 

 totem that eouhl be at all compared to the outline of the amulet ; and 

 as there are two holes neatly drilled and rimmed for the reception of a 

 thong or cord, I am inclined to think that no Indian made it, and that 

 it belonged to a people of superior taste and skill. He who made and 

 polished it was an expert workman, and could not have been a hunter 

 or a warrior of the Indian kind. I have a stone gouge of admirable con- 

 struction, :^hich was plowed up in the town of Sheridan and given to 

 me by Mr. Griswold. Like the amulet, it must have been made by an 

 iexpert. The stone is hard enough to carry quite a fine edge, and the 

 tool gives evidence of having been much used on wood. It is supposed 

 that it was used for tapping the maple tree. I have some other imple- 

 ments found in this county, one in the shape of a celt, which, a Seneca 

 Indian told me, was used by his people for skinning animals. 



Chautauqua Lake lies within this county, and many relics have been 

 found along its shores. At one place Long Point juts out into the lake, 

 forming a long, narrow neck of land, which used to befringed with bushes 

 and covered with stately trees. On this point, near its outer extremity, 

 there had been a canal and basin excavated. A party or a person 

 could easily double the point in a canoe, part the bushes and paddle 

 through the canal and into the basin, where they were perfectly hidden 

 from view. I saw the remains of this canal and basin about seventeen 

 years ago; the outlines were then quite distinct. These works, how- 

 ever, are not proofs of a settled population. 



The Iroquois knew all about our territory ; indeed, they gave the name 

 to the lake, Cha-tau-quah, or "bag tied in the middle." In a wiitten 

 speech, prepared by Corn-planter, Half-toicn, and Big tree, Seneca chiefs 

 or sachems, and presented to President Washington, they ask their 

 " father" if he is determined to crush them, and say, in case he is: "In 

 this case one chief has said he would ask you to put him out of his pain. 

 Another, who will not think of dying by the hand of his father or his 

 brother, has said he will retire to the Chataughqua, eat of the fatal root, 

 and sleep with his fathers in peace." This speech Avas answered by the 

 President, and these chiefs replied as follows : " Father, we see that you 

 ought to have the camping-place from Lake Erie to Niagara, as it was 

 marked down at Fort Stanwix, and we are willing it shall remain to be 

 yours. And if you desire to reserve a passage through the Canawauga, 

 and through the Chataughqnah (Lake), and land for a path from that to 

 Lake Erie, take it where you like best. Our nation will rejoice to see it 

 an open path for you and your children while the land and water remain, 

 but let us pass along the same and continue to take fish in those waters 

 in common with you." 



There was, at an early day, a path or road from Lake Eric through 

 the towns of Portland and Chautauqua to Chautauqua Lake, and thence 

 to Pittsburgh, which the French and Indians traveled ; but, except a 



