MISCELLANEOUS PAPERS RELATING TO ANTHROPOLOGY. 657 



Torcn of 2Ia)iJius. — The deep spring- ou lot 79 ■was the eastern door of 

 the Ouondagas, and shows signs of their occupauey. It "was the start- 

 ing-point for surveys. There is a reputed earthwork iu the west part of 

 this town, but of doubtful character. 



GENERAL REMARKS. 



Some banner-stones of striped slate have been found in Camillus, and 

 one on Skaneateles Lake. Arrow and spear heads are occasionally 

 found in all parts of the country. 



The settlements in Southeastern Onondaga show a large and general 

 intercourse with the whites ; those iu the northern part but very little, 

 the only indications there being the Indian orchards, a few brass ket- 

 tles at Jack's Eifts, and a few glass beads at Baldwinsville. Many sites 

 have no signs of vessels of any kind. Potstone vessels occur in several 

 localities, but seldom in connection with earthenware. Banner-stones, 

 bird totems, and gorgets of striped slate occur in many places, some 

 apparently recent. Catliuite is found at Phoenix and Onondaga Lake. 

 Polished slate arrows are found on all the rivers, but sparingly. Stone 

 tubes are generally of striped slate, and of manj' forms, while pipes 

 have their usual variety of form and material. Copper articles are not 

 common, but are generally fine. Stone cups take many shapes, a hand- 

 some circular one of striped slate from Hannibal being the finest. 

 Banner-stone and gorgets varj' grea]:ly in form and material. Plummets 

 are often highly finished, and some of the finest drills have been dis- 

 covered here. Arrows and spears are of all materials and finish. Sink- 

 ers and hammer-stones occur on most sites, and the latter exhibit a per- 

 plexing variety of forms. Many fine articles have been found ou the 

 great trail from the north crossing at Brewertown, and others near the 

 east and west trails. 



The Ouondagas were i^artial to stockades, although they also had 

 earthworks. ISToue of the settlements seem A'ery ancient, and the defens- 

 ive works may be placed in four groups : Earthworks along the Seneca 

 and Oswego Eivers, east and north of Baldwinsville; simple stockades 

 about Baldwinsville; earthworks in Elbridge; earthworks and stock- 

 ades combined iu Pompey. The last two groups have features iu com- 

 mon, but the others are distinct ; they seem of difiereut periods. 



The pottery is of the ordinary Indian type, and some attempt has been 

 made to compare sites by its styles of ornament. Celts are of both hard 

 and soft stone, and pestles and mortars of common forms. Semi-cir- 

 cular slate knives are sometimes found, generally without a thickened 

 back. 



There are no large burial-places known near the Seneca Eiver, but 

 the bodies found are in a sitting posture, and corn frequently occurs in 

 graves. Horn implements are found ou the southern sites, seldom on 

 the northern ; and there are marked diflerences in arrows, spears, and 

 earthenware. 



S. Mis. 109 12 



