'616 MISCELLANEOUS PAPERS RELATING TO ANTHROPOLOGY. 



neighborhood, as to the changes effected upon the shore by the action of 

 winds and the sea in storms, I could easily see that the sand around it 

 had been swept away, leaving this spot a little above the head of the 

 surrounding beach. In fact changes have been going on which render 

 it impossible to ascertain how the ground lay in those old days. But 

 the amount of splinters, hammered stones, &c., plainly shows what had 

 been going on. These principally consist of agates aud jaspers, which 

 are not to be found in any rocks near, but are similar to those found at 

 the present day in the trap rocks bordering on the Bay of Fundy, form- 

 ing the northern mountains of King aud Annapolis Counties, distant, 

 in a direct line across the country, nearly sixty miles. A few are of the 

 dioritic rocks, which are found intrusive in the southern mountains of 

 the same counties, and some are of quartz, such as is found in the 

 metamorphic rocks in the immediate neighborhood. An examination of 

 these rocks shows the process which had been going on. Here is a stone 

 at which the old arrow-maker had been hammering, with the view of 

 splitting it longitudinallj^, but the result was several cracks crosswise, 

 and it was thrown away. Here is a disk-like stone, around the edge of 

 which he had been hammering, but, instead of splitting through the 

 center, it broke away in fragments to the side. And then there are 

 flakes of all sizes and thickness. A few complete arrow-heads have 

 been found, and a much larger number of imperfect ones. These are 

 all small, from 1| to 2 inches in length, but are very finely executed. 

 Stones are also picked up which bear on their edges the evidence of 

 having been used as hammers. A few stone chisels or axes have also 

 been found, but it is evident that the work carried on was mainly of 

 forming arrow-heads, for which they brought from the Bay of Fundy 

 the finer stones mentioned. Small pieces of copper are also found. They 

 consist sometimes of small nuggets seemingly in their natural state, 

 sometimes they are flattened out by hammering, and they are also 

 formed into small knives or piercers. 



There were portages, where they carried their canoes from one lake or 

 stream to another, or across a headland. These were mere paths 

 through the forests, and are now either grown up with wood or have 

 been plowed up. 



I have some small copper knives and small specimens of copper, the 

 latter from Lunenburg County. It has commonly been supposed that 

 •'the Micmacs were entirely ignorant of the use of metals till the arrival 

 ^of Europeans. These show that they had at least got to the length of 

 imaking use of the small specimens of native copper found in the trap 

 rocks of the Bay of Fundy. I have also some bone spear-heads, a 

 good deal decayed, from some cemetery; also, a pii^efrom the same place. 

 It is made out of a very hard granitic rock, aud Dr. Dawson, of McGill 

 College, Montreal, our highest authority on the geology of these regions, 

 says that he knows no rock of the same kind nearer than Bay Chaleur, 



