ARCHEOLOGY. 381 



of ornaments. A pin, in the shape of a Roman T, is of remarkable 

 fineness, taking into consideration the instruments used by the maker. 

 The fragment of another article of the same kind has a cylindrical 

 head. A crooked pin thirty-five lines in length exhibits less neat- 

 ness of workmanship. Four pieces, clumsily cut into the form of tile- 

 nails, are evidently unfinished. A small antler, only twenty-four 

 lines long has been carved so as to imitate seven necklace beads placed 

 one above the other, and diminishing from the base to the summit. 

 Two bear's teeth, one having a hole pierced through it, and the other 

 a groove around its roots, were suspended as ornaments or amu- 

 lets, if we may judge from the subsequent custom. A fragment of 

 a boar's tooth has also a hole pierced through it. Finally a small 

 bead, of a whitish paste and two lines in diameter, testifies the love 

 of even the most primitive people for personal ornaments. 



At a period when the metals were unknown, stone held the .first 

 rank in manufacture, and the hatchet or axe was used for the most 

 various purposes. Its dimensions, generally very small, varied from 

 one inch to five inches in length, and from six to seventeen lines in 

 breadth. But though this instrument sometimes supplied the place 

 of the chisel and the hiife, these two instruments are found in very 

 clearly defined forms. Our dredgings have enriched the museum 

 with a hundred and fort3"-five of those instruments, most of which are 

 of opaque, or translucent serpentine. Of this number forty-eight 

 are perfect or nearly so; fifty-eight useless from breakage or exces- 

 sive wear; thirty-one were left unfinished or were broken while 

 being cut; three present a very oblique blade. Some pieces are of 

 remarkably fine finish, but others are equally coarse, and some mere 

 splinters or fragments of stone have been simply sharpened on the 

 edge so as to serve as knives or chisels. Among the unfinished 

 pieces, one of serpentine was intended to receive an elegantly curved 

 form; and five fragments of an instrument combining the axe and 

 the hammer are of fine work, polished on their whole surface, and 

 although broken at the cavity intended for the handle, they testify 

 to an indisputable progress in the art of 'cutting and drilling stone. 

 The various kinds of silex that have recently been discovered at 

 Concise, whether opaque or translucent, and whether black, gray, 

 brown, or of a milky white, are, for the most part, foreign to Switz- 

 erland, and probably came from France. Two pieces have been cut 

 into arrow heads, one of them having the form of a lozenge. Five 

 pieces are punches, which are quite perfect and may have served 

 either as punches or as arrow heads; one of them is no less than 

 sixty-four lines in length; twelve pieces, more or less fine, and with 

 the edges cut into teeth, were intended to serve as saws, knives, and 

 scrapers. A bone, having a longitudinal groove, was intended to 

 receive one of these instruments; seventeen fragments of worked 

 pieces, or of pieces detached by the hammer, complete, with a rock 

 crystal, the series of this description of objects. I must add, how- 

 ever, that among the numerous flints which, in a proper state, lay 

 scattered throue-h the whole thickness of the artificial bed, there 



