254 EXPERIMENTS ON METAMORPHISM AND 



In England — Sir James Mackenzie, Jameson, Conybeare, Buchland, 

 Greenougli, Sir R. Murcbison,* Sedgwick, Sir H. de la Becbe,t Jobn 

 Pbillips,!; Colonel Portlocb, Doiibnoy, Beri>er, Poulett, Scrope, Hens- 

 low, Ramsay. 



In Germany — Humboldt, Naumann,§ de Leonhard, Mitscberlich, 

 Haussmann, W. Haidinger, il B. Cotta,l G. Rose, Abich, d'Alberti, de 

 Morlot, Blum,** Credner. 



In Switzerland and Italy — Escber de la Lintb,tt de Charpentier^ 

 Lardy, de Collegn,|| de la Marmora, A. Favre,§§ de Marignac, Tbeo- 

 bald. 



In tbe Scandinavian peninsula — A. Erdmanu. 



In America — Rogers, Hitchcock, Wbitney, Sir W. Logan, Sterry 

 Hunt. 



CHAPTER VIII 



HISTORY OP SYNTHETICAL EXPERIMENTS, TENDING TO ELUCIDATE THE 

 QUESTION OP METAMORPHISM. 



The progress which we have just sketched has cost more effort than 

 we could at present suppose, for there was scarcely any other guide 

 than purely geological facts, elucidated by analogy and induction. 

 We should have reposed in views of necessity very vague, if synthet- 

 ical experiment had not followed direct observation, to substantiate 

 and complete it. 



It has seemed best to me to enumerate by themselves, and with some 

 details, the principal attempts which have been made up to this time 

 to imitate minerals and rocks artificially. They throw light on the dif- 

 ferent processes which may have been brought to bear in the very various 

 reactions of nature ; besides, that these are the first steps in a method 

 which appears destined to reveal very important facts for the history 

 of formations and for metamorphism. Leibnitz, it is true, had pro- 

 foundly appreciated the utility of experiments for the interpretation 

 of the formation of strata, and compared, as far as he was able, the 



* The works of Sir R. Murchison on the silurian formations of England, on tlie Alps,, 

 and the Ural, present numerous and important examples of metamorphism. 



"j- Sir H. de la Bcche, in his Theoretical Manual, his Art of Obsenmg, his Geological Re- 

 searches, and his Geological Report on Connvall mid Devon, has published a great number of 

 judicious and ingenious observations on metamorphism, as on all other subjects of geology. 



J Among the works of Mr. J.Phillips, we must here make mention of a report oix 

 schistose cleavage, inserted in the memoirs of the British Association. 



§ Besides his observations made in Saxony and Norway, Naumann has treated metamor- 

 phism in detail in his excellent work on Geognosy. 



II Haidinger proposes to distinguish anogenous and caicgenoits metamorphism, according as 

 they occur near the surface or at a great depth. 



^1 Especially in the Geologische Briefe aus den Alpen. 



asin i]is studies on the pseudomorphs, Blum has described many facts akin to metamor- 

 phism. 



ft Numerous observations made in Switzerland with Studer. 



XXSur le metamorphisme des terrains de sediment. Bordeaux ; 1812. 



^^Notice sur la geologie du Tyrol allemand ; 1849. 



