ARCHEOLOGY. 385 



really did exist actual workshops. Starting from this point of view, 

 we might admit that the workers in bronze occupied only one wing 

 of the hamlet, but the extremely limited number of articles of metal 

 previously found, compared with that of the instruments of stone and 

 of bone, discovered in thousands, sufficiently shows that it was long 

 before bronze was known, and that it was not generally used before 

 the destruction of the old hamlet. 



The aggregate of the specimens recently found at Concise shows to 

 how great an extent bone and stag's horns were used in primitive 

 industry. Independently of the serpentine axes fixed in buckhorn, 

 stone knives and chisels also have their handles of this material. 

 Wooden punches still adhere to their handles, and a bone arrow head 

 still exhibits traces of the shaft. Numerous stag horns bear the hollow 

 impress of the instruments of various forms to which they have served 

 as handles. The authenticity of these pieces is a fact important to 

 science. It is to be regretted that the advanced period of the season 

 compelled the suspension of the dredgings earlier than was intended, 

 but I hope that they may be resumed, for the repository of Concise 

 has not yet given its last response. 



In my last work I gave the historical results which appear to me 

 to flow from the researches made in late years in the lakes of 

 Switzerland. I shall not, therefore, endeavor to deduce from the 

 preceding data all that results from them as to the industry and the 

 mode of life of the primitive populations of our country, but I will 

 just so far enter into particulars as to show the astonishing abundance 

 of objects in the spot which we have examined. 



The dredge, which was worked on this last examination during 

 nineteen days, brought up from the lake at least seven hundred and 

 fifty pieces bearing the impress of human industry, without counting 

 innumerable bones of animals, which, after being carefully culled, 

 covered the raft twice a day with rubbish to be thrown on the slojDe 

 of the railway. In 1859 the steam-dredge, which worked twenty- 

 five days, recovered from the lake at the same spot fifty raft loads a 

 day. One of the two rafts which attended the steam-dredge was that 

 which we employed, and, according to the statement of the laborers, 

 the amount of rubbish sent to the railroad was at least double that 

 which we obtained from the culling of the objects of industry. It 

 may be added that the steam-dredge brought up antiquities from the 

 beginning to the end of its working. It follows, then, that twelve 

 hundred and fifty raft loads were taken from the same site in 1859, 

 while we in our later dredgings took only thirtj'-eight, and admitting 

 an average equality of riches of antiquities, the wrecks of industry 

 discovered two years ago amounted to above twenty-four thousand 

 pieces, which is not out of proportion to the sums of money realized 

 by the railway laborers. 



The comparatively small number of objects collected by our 

 late dredgings includes articles which had not before been ob- 

 tained from Concise; as, for instance, a portion of the wooden 

 handles, the planks furnished with swallow-tail grooves, the yew-tree 

 cup, the bone arrows, with traces of mastic, and the wooden punches 

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