NATURAL HISTORY. 405 



time; returns early in the fall. Frequents high open woods, but keeps 

 near the ground. Shy and solitary. 



46. Turdus sivainsoni, Cab. — Olive-backed Thrush. Spring and 

 autumn visitant; none breed. The most abundant of the thrushes, 

 ■except perhaps T. 2MlIasi. Have seen them in considerable flocks in 

 the fall. Arrives the second week in April; remains but a short 

 time. Returns in the fall, second week in September; remains till 

 second week in October. 



47. Turdus cdiciae, Bd. — Gray-cheeked Thrush. Spring and 

 autumn visitant ; none breed. Apparently as abundant as T. swain- 

 soni, more so than T. fiiscescens. Found in similar situations with 

 the former, with which its times of arrivaland departure are nearly 

 identical; perhaps fonder of swampy localities. (First shown to 

 belong to the eastern Avi-f;iuna by ourselves. See Proc. Acad. Nat. 

 Sci., Philada., Aug., 1861.) 



48. Turdus (Planesticus) migratorhis, Linn. — Robin. Permanent 

 resident. A few breed, and a few remain during the winter; the 

 greater part, however, proceed north in summer and south in winter. 

 Most abundant in November and March. Sour gum and poke-berries 

 (Phytolacca decandra) are their favorite food. Found in all localities. 

 Many nest in the parks about the Capitol and President's House. 



49. Sialia sialis, (Linn.,) Bd. — Blue Bird. Very abundant. Per- 

 manent resident. Disappears in severe weather in winter, but is 

 found on warm, sunny days throughout that season, and becomes ex- 

 ceedingly numerous on the first opening of spring. Breeds plentifully 

 in holes of trees and in boxes throughout the city. 



50. Begulus ccdendulus, (Linn.,) Licht. — Ruby-crowned Kinglet. 

 Spring and autumn visitant. Very abundant. None breed. In spring, 

 from April 1 to May 10; in fall, through the month of October and 

 first few days in November. Frequents orchards, thickets, copses, 

 cedar patches, &c. ; less frequently found in high woods. Is most 

 numerous in the fall. Is in full song before it leaves. Spring migra- 

 tions always embrace a number of both sexes, with the head perfectly 

 plain. 



51. Begulus satrapa, Licht. — Golden-crested Kinglet. Winter resi- 

 dent. Abundant from October 1 to latter part of April. None breed. 

 Habits much the same as the preceding. Thick pine woods a favorite 

 resort. Familiar and unsuspicious. 



52. Anthusludovicianus, {Gm.,)'Lic\it. — Titlark. "Skylark.'' Win- 

 ter resident. Abundant. Makes its appearance towards the end of 

 October, and remains until April. Always found in restless straggling 

 flocks, usually of considerable extent. Frequents open commons, 

 bare meadows, ploughed fields, <fec. Has a remarkable habit of fre- 

 quently alighting on the roofs of houses and sheds. [Breeds in great 

 numbers in Labrador.] 



53. Mniotilta varia, (Linn.,) Vieill. — Black and White Creeper. 

 ' ' Sapsucker.' ' Very common summer resident, but more abundant 

 in spring and fall, as the greater number go further north to breed. 

 Arrives first week in April, and is exceedingly numerous until May. 

 Breeds in holes in trees. Generally found in high, open woods. 



54. Panda americana. (Linn..) Bon. — Blue Yellow- back Warbler. 



