SECTION OF NAVAL ARCHITECTURE. 103 



Dimensions of full-size vessel. 



Hull.— Length over all, 65 feet ; keel. 69 leet ; beam, 21^ feet; depth of hold, 10 

 feet ; draught, aft, 10^ feet, forward, 8 feet. 



.S/jar».— Bowsprit, outside, 20 feet; foremast, full leugth, 69 feet; mainmast, 70^ 

 feet ; main topmast, 36 feet; main-boom, 58 feet (23 feet outside slings) ; fore-boom, 

 2.H feet. 



A'rtiV.— Mainsail, luff, A:<i feet ; foot, .'"«6 feet ; leech, r.8^feet ; head, 28 feet. Foresail, 

 lulf. 4Mf feet ; foot. 24^ feet; leech, 5:? feet ; head. 24| feet. Jib. lutf, 67 feet ; leech, 

 -14 feet; foot, 27 feet. Fore .staysail, luff, 49 feet; leech, 42 feet ; foot, 20i feet. 

 Main staytail, luff, or forward end. If) feet : head, 3.i feet ; leech, 4i feet ; foot, 2Fi feet. 

 Main gatt-topsail, lutl', on topmast, 27 feet ; lower hoop to tack, 16 feet; leech, 36f 

 feet ; foot, 28^ feet. 



Gloucester, Mass., 1883. 57,0.'.l. Designed by Capt. J. W. Collins, U. S. Fish 



Commission. 



This model represents a schooner of about 90 to 100 tons register, designed espe- 

 cially for the winter fisheries. A vessel built from it would be about 2 feet deeper than 

 the typical American fishing schooner of thesamo length, and about I foot le.ssbeam. 

 It would have less difference in draught between the bow and stem, or less "drag- 

 line."' The rig differs from that of the ordinary schooner in having a stem staysail 

 and Jib. instead of the large jib now commonly used, and also in having shorter 

 h)wer masts. In summer tbe rig might 1)0 changed by the addition of a foretop- 

 ma.st and jib-l>ooni, with sails to correspond. It is believed that a vessel con- 

 structed on such a model would be safer in heavy gales, and much swifter, taking the 

 chances as they come, than schoonei-s of the ordinary type, which have much less 

 body under water. The ballast can, of course, be placed lower, and thereby the lev- 

 erage increased and the chances of capsizing decreased. 



FISHING SCHOONER. 



Builder's model, scale | inch to foot. Full, rounding, and flaring bow on top, sharp- 

 ening rapidly toward the water's edge ; long, straight sides; comparatively narrow 

 beam; square stern; low bilge; short floor ; long, but rather full run. Dimensions 

 of vessel : Length, 66 feet over all; extreme beam, 18 feet ; draught of water aft, 9 

 feet, 6 inches. 



Essex, Mass. Type, 1845 to 1860. U. S. Fish Commissioii . 54.405. 



This is the model of the schooner Elisha Holmes, of Cape Cod, built at Essex in 

 1849, to engage in the cod and mackerel fisheries. It is the form of a class of vessels 

 very much in use in the jieriod from 1845 to 1860, and represents one type of the so- 

 called sharp-shooters of that day. During the transition stage from full- bowed to 

 sharp vessels it was the opinion of many experts that it would be unsafe to build a 

 vessel very sharp on tlie rail. It was thought that with a full rounding bow on top 

 and much flare, a vessel would be prevented from plunging as deep in the water as 

 she otherwise might do. Later developments have shown that this theory is a wrong 

 one, and that a vessel with a flaring bow is not as good as one with straighter top 

 timbers. 



SWEDISH COD-FISHING VESSEL, BANKSKUTA. 

 [Model.] 



Wood (outside plank, oak; deck, pine), unpainte<l ; carvel built; flush decked; 

 wide and deep ; strong sheer ; full, flaring, scoop-shaped bow; great rake to stem ; hol- 

 low water-lines and floor ; stern shaped like bow, full above, much concaved below ; 

 straight stern-post ; narrow, square -heeled rudder; moderate depth of keel ; heavy 

 bow chocks ; windlass works with hand-spikes ; cabin forward ; 4 hatches; 1 pump ; 

 1 large anchor ; cable runs over roller in stem; steers with tiller; low, heavy bul- 

 warks. Ketch-rigged, with running bowsprit ; sails — ^jil>, stay-foresail, mainsail, 

 sprit uiizzen, and 2 square-headed gaff-topsails. 



Z>imeHX)«H8.— Length ^hull) over all, 42 inches; keel. 28 inches; beam, l/J inches; 

 depth, amidships (bottom of keel to top of rail), 8| inches; bow (to top of stem), 13^ 

 inches; to top of knight-heads, 12 inches; stern (to top of rail), 12 inches ; (post ^ 

 inch higher); keel, 1 inch ; dead-wood, above ket 1, If inches; bulwark, amidships, 

 J inch; at stem and stern, 2^ inches. Spar-s, bowsprit, 21 inches; 14^ inches outside 

 of stem ; mainmast (deck to eyes of rigging), 31 inches; eyes of rigging to topmast 



