REPORT OF DEPARTMENT OF METALLURGY. 257 



copper for a basis, the manufacture and utilizatiou of brass iu various 

 forms, and the manufacture of coi)i)er and brass wire. The collections 

 illustrating copper and brass are the most full and complete that we 

 have. There are, however, still a few methods that it would be very 

 desirable to fill as soon as convenient. 



Bismuth. — The occurrence of bismuth in this country is somewhat 

 limited, having been found in only a few localities, and there only iu 

 small amounts. Z^^oue of the ore is treated in this country, but occa- 

 sionally small amounts are shipped abroad that have been obtained in 

 mining for other metals. A small collection of the ores of Utah was 

 obtained from Prof. J. E. Clayton. 



XicJiel and cobalt. — No new collections were made to represent nickel 

 and cobalt as there is already a i)retty fair illustration of these two 

 metiils in the IMuseum. It would, however, be very desirable to ob- 

 tain a few specimens representing the great progress that has recently 

 been made iu the manipulation of wrought nickel. 



Iron. — The very extensive collection of iron ores turned over to the 

 ^Museum by the Census furnishes a very complete illustration of the iron 

 resources of the country, and there was no necessity for making any 

 further collections of iron ores save to go with the collections represent- 

 ing the processes. 



To represent the smelting of pig-iron, representative furnaces were se- 

 lected in different parts of the country, using different varieties of fuel. 

 It was not, however, possible to obtain all the collections in this line 

 that were planned. As representing the apidication of coke as a fuel, 

 collections were received from the Eockwood Furnaces of the Roane Iron 

 Company, Chattanooga, Tennessee; from the Longdale Furnaces in Vir- 

 ginia; from the Missouri, Nova Scotia and Saint Louis Ore and Steel Com- 

 pany, in Missouri. As representing the use of a mixture of coke and 

 anthracite coal, collections were received from the Warwick and North 

 Cornwall Furnaces in Pennsylvania, and from the Crown Point Furnace 

 in New York. These collections include hand specimens of the ores, lime- 

 stone and the fuels, and a series of pig-iron representing as far as possi- 

 ble the different grades produced at each furnace. With these are 

 specimens of the slag corresponding with each gTade of iron, the slag 

 specimens when possible being taken from the same cast that the pig- 

 irons were. To these are added specimens of by-products such as cadmia, 

 flue dust, salamanders, &c. 



The manufacture of wrought iron direct from the ore is represented 

 by a collection from the Belmont Forge, Rogersfield, N. Y. 



A very interesting collection of Swedish irons was presented by Mr. 

 N. Lilienberg, of New York. This contains samples of various kinds of 

 pig-iron, wrought iron, and steel, together with descriptions of the va- 

 rious processes used in their manufacture. 



The manufacture of steel was perhaps better illustrated in the Cen- 

 tennial material than any other metal. But these collections were ex- 

 S. Mis. 33, |»t. 1' 17 



