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REPORT OF DEPARTMENT OF METALLURGY. 259 



obtained from tlieGlendale "NYorks, uear Saint Louis ; tbcJopliu Works, 

 Joplin, Mo. ; the Gran by Works, Granby, Mo. ; the Lauyou Works, Weir 

 City, Kans., and from the South Side Mining and Manufacturing Com- 

 pany, Galena, Kans., by Mr. Gazzam. Collections from the Rich Hill 

 Works, liich Hill, Mo., and the Cherokee Works, Weir City, Kans., were 

 obtained by Mr. Zukoski. Although these works employ similar material 

 yet they vary greatly in detail, some of them being even totally dif- 

 ferent. The collections represent the ore in its various stages of prep- 

 aration for the smelting, the fuels and fluxes used, the charge as made 

 up for the retorts, the spelter produced, the slag and blue powder. To 

 these are added, in many instances, illustrations of the refractory mate- 

 rials used and the process of the manufacture of retorts. There are 

 several other works that it would be very desirable to represent, as they 

 employ an entirely ditt'erent character of material, and it is very desir- 

 able also to obtain collections from some of these as soon as possible. 



The utilization of the complicated material occurring at Franklin, 

 N. J., is a very interesting process, as it illustrates the extraction of 

 three common metals from a single ore in two operations. The ores 

 of this region consist of Franklinite — a zinc, iron, and manganese min- 

 eral — zincite, the red oxide of zinc, willemite or silicate of zinc, calli- 

 mine or hydrosilicate of zinc, and rhodonite or silicate of manganese, 

 occurring for the most part in a gangue of carbonate of lime. For 

 smelting, these ores are first roughly divided intS two classes, one con- 

 taining zinc only, and the other zinc, iron, and manganese. The first 

 class is treated for the production of spelter in the regular way. The 

 zinc, iron, and manganese portion is treated first in a special furnace for 

 the production of oxide of zinc, which is used largely for paint. The 

 residue remaining in the oxide furnaces, which is known as residuum, is 

 then treated in a shaft-furnace, for the extraction of its iron and man- 

 ganese in the form of spiegeleisen for use in the manufacture of steel. 



The collection irom the zinc furnaces shows — 



The Franklinite ore, consisting of a mixture of Franklinite or proto- 

 sesquioxide of iron withzinc and manganese replacing the iron, zinciteor 

 oxide of zinc, willemite or silicate of zinc, calcite or carbonate of lime; 

 in lumps as mined, from the Buckwheatfield Mine, Franklin, Sussex 

 County, New Jersey. 



The same ore crushed ready for the furnace. 



The Franklinite ore, consisting of a mixture of Franklinite or proto- 

 sesquioxide of iron with zinc and manganese replacing the iron, zincite 

 or oxide of zinc, willemite or silicate of zinc, rhodonite or silicate of 

 manganese, and calcite or carbonate of lime; in lumps as mined, from 

 the Sterling Hill Mine, Ogdensburg, Sussex County, New Jersey. 



Thfe same ore crushed ready for the furnace. 



Tlie silicate and carbonate ore, consisting principally of calimine or 

 hydrated silicate of zinc with a little carbonate of zinc resulting from 



