ABORIGINAL BASKET-WORK. 299 



southward to produce a twilled patteru over the entire surface of the 

 vessel (Figs. 27, 28). A slight exception to this statement is the orna- 

 mentation on the brim of the Haida rain-hat. It occurs again in Mexico 

 and among the Cherolcees, Choctaws, Chetimachas, and in South Amer- 

 ica. A moment's reflection will show that the administration of the 

 three-ply method of the Makahs is a derivation of the plicate or twisted 

 sort. If either strand of a twist, the inner or the outer, be drawn 

 straight, the plait will become the fish-trap pattern. In most of the 

 Makah baskets the straight piece is laid inside the uprights, but there 

 are examples in which it is laid outside resembling the regular jilaited 

 stitch. The Indians of this coast prior to the advent of the white man 

 made heavy and beautiful blankets of the W'Ool of the liocky Mountain 

 sheep, and of the hair of animals killed in the chase, dyed in different 

 colors. The patterns are all geometric, and are, in fact, woven mosaics, 

 each figure being inserted separately by twisting two woof threads back- 

 ward and forward around the warp strands. Scarcely ever does the 

 twine extend in stripes all the way across the blanket in a direct line. 



Like the Ilaiuas the Makahs prepare a great many forms of basketry 

 for trade. A great variety of colors is used in the decoration. The 

 hatch surface, produced by the use of three strands in weaving, gives 

 to the basketry of this type a very unique and pleasing effect. Fig. 

 25 represents a common specimen of Makah basketry. 



Fig. 29 shows a bottle covered with ornamental basketry. In the 

 bottom the radiating warp is inclosed in the twined weft. The warp 

 threads are carried over the surface of the bottle, crossing each other 

 and producing rhomboids, after the manner of the Jai)anese basketry. 

 The twined coil (Fig. 31) connects the crossings of the warp threads. 

 This is a very interesting specimen, inasmuch as the bower or fish-trap 

 style is replaced by the regular twined weaving of the Indians farther 

 north. 



Figs. 32, 33 represent a specimen from the Clallams, which seems to be 

 an example of commerce. The coil is sewed on conveniently, and the 

 ornamentation upon the sides is produced by laying the straw or quill of 

 diflerent color ui)on the regular stitching, and sewing it on one stitch 

 over two original stitches. This is a very beautiful and strongly made 

 specimen. 



OREGON AND CALIFORNIA TRIBES. 



Along the western coast of the United States from Puget Sound to 

 Lower California are many separate stocks of Indians, quite easily 

 recognized by the material and ornamentation of their basketry, but fol- 

 lowing two fundamental structures — the twined and the whipi)ed coil. 

 Some of these tribes are called Diggers because they subsist on roots, 

 seeds, etc. It would be more reasonable to call them " basket Indians." 

 The Klamath and the McLcctd Indians of Northern California use the 

 twined method, making water-tight and flexible baskets of great beauty 

 (Fig. 34). The ornanicntation is produced by the alternation of black 



