228 



REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1895. 



WARD, Lester F. — Continued. 



M. Paul Choftat, with special indicatiou of tho 

 analogies, both stratigraphical and paleonto- 

 logical, to the older ISIesozoie and the Potomac 

 forraation of the United States. 



Remarks on the genus CauHjiites, 



Brongn., witli exhibition of specimens 

 (rhizomes of Tripsacum dactyloides). 



Scie7ice (New series), l. New York, June 



28, 1895, pp. 725-726. 



Abstrat^t of a paper read before the Biological 



Society of Washington, June 1, "1895. These 



rhizomes very closely resemble C. parisiensis 



(Deniarest) Brcmgn. 



[Fossil i)lants.] 



Johnson'' s Universal Cyclopedia (New edi- 

 tion), VI, New York, 1895, pp. 039-645. 

 A somewhat complete account of the past 

 history and present state of the science of 

 paleobotany. 



Report on the Department of Fossil 



Plants in tho V. S. National Museum, 

 1892. 



Jiep. Smithsonian Inst. (U. S. Nat. Miis.), 

 1892 (1893), pp. 185-190. 



WATKINS, John Elfketii. Report on 

 the Section of Transportation and En- 

 gineering in the U. S. National Mu- 

 seum, 1892. 



Itep. Stnithsonian Inst. (U. S. Nat. Mus), 

 1892 (1893), pp. 127-132, pis. I, u. 



WHITE, Charles Ai?i.\thar. Notes on 

 the invertebrate fauna of tlie Dakota 

 Formation, with descriptions of new 

 molluscan forms. 



Proc. U. »S'. Kat. Mvs.,xvu, No. 995, July 19, 

 1894, pp. 131-138, pi. Vlll. 



Memoir of Ferdinand Yandiveer 



Hayden, 1839-1887. 



Biographical Memoirs of the National 

 Academy of Sciences, ni, pp 395-413. 

 This paper was read before tho National 

 Academy of Sciences, November, 1894. 

 Published also in separate form. 



Report on the Department of Meso- 



zoic Invertebrate Fossils in the U. S. 

 National Museum, 1892. 



Jiep. Sinith,so7iian Inst (U. S. Nat. Mus.), 

 1892 (1S93), p. 195. 



WILSON, Thomas. Primitive industry. 

 Archceologist, II, No. 7, 1894, pp. 200-204; 

 No. 8, Aug., 1894, pp. 238-246. 

 This paper describes early objects of primi- 

 tive industry found in Europe, and compares 

 them with those found in America. Dr. Ab- 

 hott'sflnds of similar implements in t!ie gravels 

 of the river terrace at Trenton, N. J., are com- 

 pared with the infructuous searches of other 

 persons in the same terrace. It is shown that, 

 by reason of the scarcity of the implements, 



WILSON, Thomas— Continued. 



the failure of an observer to find them in one 

 locality is no evidence that another observer 

 may not have found them in another locality. 

 Similar experiences of tho best observers iu 

 France and England are cited. Many imple- 

 ments of similar form and manufacture luive 

 been found in nearly every State of the Union, 

 though practically all on the surface. This 

 does not, however, prove the existence of 

 Paleolithic man in America, but, as says ^f. 

 Boule, is "an argument iu favor of their an- 

 tiquity which will greatly impress prehistoric 

 archsologists of experience.'' It will servo a 

 good purpose in stimulating further investiga- 

 tion, and prevent the formation of conclusions 

 before the search has been exhausted and the 

 evidence all in. 



Polished stone hatchets. 



Archceologist, ill, No. 1, Jan., 1895, pj). 8-14 ; 

 No. 2, Feb., 1895, pp. 43-50. 

 The polished stone hatchet is, more than any 

 other implement, the representative of man's 

 culture during the Neolithic or Polished Stone 

 age. !Man in this stage spread himself by 

 migration practically over the whole world, 

 and in so doing earned with him this imple- 

 ment more than any other. While tlie Paleo- 

 lithic age of prehistoric man is called the 

 chipped stone age, the chipping of stone- 

 cutting implements did not cease with it, but 

 was to some extent carried into the Neolithic 

 or Pohslied Stone age. Some implements thus 

 chipped were ground to a sharp edge or point, 

 while others were left unground. The tools 

 used were hammer stones and grindingstones. 

 The processes are shown m six figures forming 

 a series, from tho rudely chipped to the finely 

 polished hatchets. In the Paleolithic ago the 

 material u.sed was such as could be chipped, 

 while m tlie Neolithic age many stone imple- 

 ments of nonchipable material, like granite, 

 diorite, etc., were used These had to be re- 

 duced to the required form by hammering or 

 pecking, called by the French martelage. The 

 hatchet was inserted in a handle of wood, 

 with the cutting edge on a line with the han- 

 dle. Many specimens, mo.stly from France and 

 England, have been found, which indicate this 

 as the general method of use. The National 

 Museum is tho fortunate possessor of two 

 original specimens thus mounted, one tho 

 property of Mr. Byron E. Dodge, of Wisconsin, 

 and the other of Mr. CM. Grouse, of Sj'racnse, 

 N. Y. The universality of the polished stone 

 hatchet during the Neolithic period is sliown 

 by the universality of the material used. On 

 the seacoast and the islands fossil shells 

 were not infrequently employed. While no 

 two polished stone hatchets may be exactly 

 alike, each having been the handiwork of an 

 individual who anparently worked for himself 

 and without pattern, they are all capable of 

 being reduced to a few general types, and a 

 series taken from almost any locality in the 

 United States would represent a similar series 



