BIBLIOGEAPHY. 



229 



WILSON, Thomas— Continued. 



from almost any other locality in tlie same 

 country, and would closely resemble a series 

 from any part of the world. 



On the presence of Huorino as a test 



for the fossilizatiou of animal bones. 

 Am. Naturalist, xxix. No. 340, Apr. 1895, 



pp. 301-317; No. 341, May, 1895, pp. 



439-456. 

 It is greatly to bo desired that some test 

 should be discovered bj- which the antiquity 

 of animal, and especially human, bones might 

 be determined. This test is believed to have 

 been found in fluorine. It may not be certain 

 nor always equal, but if it furnishes, or prom- 

 ises to furnish, an aid in this direction, it is to 

 be studied, examined, experimented with, and 

 l)roved. Modern animal bones have but a 

 small percentage of fluorine, less than two- 

 tenths of 1 per cent, while it appears to increase 

 in quantity and proportion until in those of 

 the earlier geologic ages the proportion reaches 

 3 and even 4 per cent. Thi.s increase may bo 

 different in different localities, but from analy- 

 ses of a large number of specimens it seems a 

 steadily increasing ratio, and therefore aft'ords 

 a means of approximate determination. 



Grooved stone axes. 



Arcliceologist, hi, No. 5, May, 1895, pp. 



155-157. 



While the polished stone hatchet was almost 



universal among prehistoric peoples, the 



grooved stone ax is confined to the United 



States. 



When the prehistoric man of Europe desired 

 a heavier cutting implement than his polished 

 stone hatchet, he drilled a hole through the ax 

 and inserted a handle, sledgo fashion. When 



WILSON, Thomas— Continued. 



the prehistoric man of America wanted a simi- 

 lar implement, he made a groove around the 

 implement and bound it with a withe, which 

 served as a handle. 



Some of these implements have the edge 

 placed transversely to the handle and so they 

 become adzes, and where the edge is curved 

 instead of straight they become gouges. Tlio 

 same difterence of detail in size, .shape, form, 

 and material remarked among polished stone 

 hatchets have been found among grooved 

 stone axes. 



Stone cutting implements. 



Archceolngist, HI, No. 6, June, 1895, pp. 

 179-185. 

 Rude notched axes resemble tlie grooved ax. 

 A notch has been i)repared by chipping for a 

 withe or handle, the edges of which notch have 

 been hammered or pecked so as to destroy 

 their sharpness and permit the use of the 

 withe, but they are rudely chipi^ed. and beyond 

 this show no traces of pecking and never of 

 smoothing or grinding. Thej' are peculiar in 

 their shape and can not have been grooved 

 stone axes in process of manufacture, though 

 they may have been its evolutionary ancestor. 

 They are always made of material which can 

 be chipped — like flint, quartzite, rhyolite.etc. — 

 and seem never to have been made of nou- 

 chipable material, as granite, diorite, etc. 

 They are found in many localities throughout 

 the United States. 



Report on the Department of Prehis- 

 toric Anthropology in theU. S. National 

 Museum, 1892. 



licp. Smithsonian Inxt. (V. S.Nat. Mils.), 

 1892(1893), pp. 135-142. 



