282 



REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1895. 



speciiuens show an intentional worked depresaioii 

 in the center of one or both sides, and in sonic 

 instances this cavity is so well defined that it is 

 dillicult to draw the line between hammers and 

 cup-stones. Some large and heavy specimens 

 show a groove, as do the axes, which served for 

 an attachment of a handle. These are called 

 mauls. Other classes of hammers are the flint 

 pebbles peculiar to Flint Kidge, Muskingum 

 County, Ohio, and those from the Pacific Coast- 

 (Handbook, pp. 646-648, fig. 22, Nos. 80, 81,78,82.) 



Hammer and Pitted Stone.— Quartzite. 



Moreliouse Parish, La. 

 Original, No. 29172, in U. S. National 



Museum; collected by Dr. Benj. H. 



Brodnax. 



KUDE NOTCHED AX. 



A rough, chipped stone ax or adze, notched on 

 l)oth edges; many specimens showing that the 

 notches were used by means of a witlie or thong 

 for the attachment of a handle. These are found 

 principally on the Atlantic Seaboard from Massa- 

 chusetts to Georgia. It has been suggested that 

 they were used in making the "dug-ouf canoes. 

 (Handbook, pp. 633-635, fig. 10, pi. ov, No. b.) 



Rude Notched Ax.— Quartzite. 



Fairfax Cimnty, Va. 



Original, No. 1073, in U. S. National Mu- 



sexnn; loan collection of N. S. Way. 



GlIOOVED STONE AXES. 



These are characteristic implements of aborigi- 

 nal Indian industry in tho United States, and 

 their distribution i-t general. They are peculiar 

 to this country, and do not belong to Europe. 

 Almost tho only prehistoric grooved stone imide- 

 meuts found there are mauls used in mining or 

 quarrying. The material in the United States 

 difl'ers with tho locality ; but granite, trap, and 

 rocks which would not tiake were used. Grooved 

 axes are made of water-worn pebbles as well as of 

 quarried rock. They Avere chipped and pecked 

 into shape and then smoothed or })olished by 

 rubbing or grinding. Some were not polished 

 but only peeked. The handle was attached by 

 means of a withe or thong passing around in the 

 groove. Grooved axes may be divided according 

 to form, but there are no sharp divisions between 

 the classes. Peculiar ibrms are to be noted, of 

 hematite from the Mississippi Valley, or of 

 actinolite from the pueblos of tlie Southwest. 

 (Handbook, p. 647, fig. 22.) 



These have been classified as follows : 

 I. Grooved, either wholly or partially, some 

 with projecting wings. 



IT. Flat back for insertion of tightening wedge. 



III. Douldc-bitted. 



IV. Hematite. 



V. Actinolite from the pueblos of the South- 

 west. 



Grooved Stone Ax, Class I.— 10 by 6i 



by 3 inches. 



Rome, Ga. 



Cast, No. 31977, in U. S. National Museum. 



Original in Museum of Natural History, 



New York. 



Grooved Stone Ax, Class I. — Granite, 



made from pebble. 



Naples, 111. 



Ca-st, No.11612, in U.S. National Museum; 



original collected by J. G. Henderson. 



Grooved Stone Ax, Class I.— Porphyry. 



Middleboro, Mass. 

 Original, No. 6542, in U. S. National Mu- 

 seum ; collected by J. W. P. Jenks. 



Grooved Stone Ax, Class I.— Basalt, 



made from pebble. 



Swan ton, Vt. 



Cast, No. 30043, in U.S. National Museum ; 



original collected by H. H. Dean. 



Stone Ax, Class I. 



Louisville, Ky. 



Cast. No. 30180, in U. S. National Museum ; 



original collected by Dr. James Knapp. 



Grooved Stone Ax, Class II.— Granite; 



large, 11 by 6.^ by 3 inches. 



Franklin County, Ind. 



Original, No. 8206, in U. S. National Mu- 

 seum; collected by Win. Shank. 



Grooved Stone Ax, Class II. 

 Guernsey County, Ohio. 



Original, No. 29014, in U.S National Mu- 

 seum; collected by Vi' ■ B. Rosamond. 



Grooved Stone Ax, Class II.— Dark 



greenstone. 



Fort "Whipple, Ariz. 



Original, No. 1134, in U. S. National Mu- 

 seum; collected by Dr. Elliott Coues, 



Grooved Stone Ax, Class II.— Hema- 

 tite. 

 Pike County, 111. 



Original, No. 32646, in U. S. National Mu- 

 seum; collected by Brainard Mitchell. 



Grooved Stone Ax, Class II. —Of pecul- 

 iar form, round in section, sloping 

 grooves, possibly used as a digging im- 

 plement; 124 inches long. 

 Cedarburg, Wis. 



Cast, No. 11641, in U. S. National Museum ; 

 original collected by F. S. Perkins. 



