LISTS OF SPECIMENS DISTRIBUTED. 



283 



GHOOVED Stone Ax, Class III Has a 



cutting edge at each end and a groove 

 in the middle. 



Madison, AVis. 



Cast, No. 11C40, inTT. S. National Museuiii ; 

 original collected hy F. S. I'erkins. 



rOLISHEU STONE HATfJUETS. 



These, frequently called "Celts," and erro- 

 neously "Fleshers' and " Skin-dressers," in the 

 United States, and "Thunder" or "Lightning" 

 stones in the Eastern Hemisphere, were possibly 

 intended for use similar to the grooved axes ; and 

 the same remarks as to material, locality, and 

 mode of manufacture apply to one as to the other. 

 Although these vary greatly in form and size, yet 

 they were i)ractically for the same use. They 

 were inserted in their handles as shown by No. 

 11479, which, though of stone, is like many 

 others of wood. These are the representative 

 implements of the Neolithic or Polished Stone 

 Age, and are found throughout the prehistoric 

 world. On the coast ar.d islands they are often 

 made of shell. (Handbook, p. 645, fig. 20.) 



Polished Stone Hatchet.— Hard green- 

 stone. 



Valley of the Big Harpeth River, Ten- 

 nessee. 



Cast, No. 1148.3, in U. S. National Mu.^eum ; 

 original collected by Dr. Joseph Jones. 



Polished Stone Hatchet. 

 Anne Arundel County, Md. 



Cast, No. 32085, in IT. S. National Museum ; 

 original collected by J. D. McGuire, esq. 



PoLiKHED Stone Hatchet. 

 Rock Island, 111. 



Original, No, 26817, in U. S. National 

 Museum ; collected by Miss M. Hobart. 



Polished Stone Hatchet. 

 Knox County, Tenn. 



Original, No. 59239, in F. S. National 

 Museum ; collected by C. L. Stratton. 



Polished Stone Hatchet. — Mottled jas- 



pery slate. 



Fort Wayne, Ind. 



Original, No. 30818, in V. S. National 

 Museum ; collected by R. S. Robertson. 



Polished Stone Hatchet.— Flint. 

 From a mound. St. Clair County, 111. 



Cast, No. 30079, in U. S. National Museum ; 

 original collected bv Dr. J. F. Snyder. 



Polished Stone Hatchet.— Chalcedony ,' 

 From the Cahokia Mound, Illinois. 



Cast, No. 30205, in V. S. NationalMuseum ; 

 original in Peabody Museum, Cam- 

 bridge, Mass. 



I'oMSiiEii Stone Hatchet.— Compa<:t mi- 

 caceous slate. 

 Lake County, Ind. 

 Original, No. 45742, in IT. S. National 

 !Museum ; collected by W. W. Cheshire. 



Polished Stone Hatchet Double- 

 headed, with handle in one piece. (Jrecn 

 chloritio stone. 



From a mound, Cumberland River, oppo- 

 site Nashville, Tenn. 



Cast, No. 11479. in TJ. S. National Mu.seum ; 

 original collected by Dr. Joseph Jones. 



Polished Stone Hatchet.— Greenstone. 



Groveport, Ohio. 

 Original, No. 7745, in U. S. National Mu- 

 seum; collected by W. R. Linipcrt. 



Polished Stone Hatchet —Syenite. 



S wanton, Vt. 



(!ast. No. 30044, in IT. S. National Museum; 



original collected by H. H. Dean. 



Polished Stone Hatchet.— Olive green, 



variegated stone. 

 Valley of the Cumberland River, Tennes- 

 see. 

 Cast, No. 11484, in U. S. National Mu.seum ; 

 original collected by Dr. -Joseph Jones 



Polished Stone Hatchet.— Quart/.ite. 

 Mound in Stoddard County, Mo. 

 Original, No. 99341, in U. S. National Mu- 

 seum; collected by T. L. Whitehead. 



COPPER IMPLEMENTS AND ORNAMENTS. 



The North American Indians, although living 

 in the age of Polished Stone, made use of native 

 copper. It was chiefly obtained from tlie Lake 

 Superior region. Aboriginal mining has been 

 described by Mr. Charles Whittlesey in Smith- 

 sonian Contributions, Vol. xill. Native copper 

 has been found in New England, New Jersey, and 

 the mountains of Virginia and the Caroliiias. It 

 is generally believed that the Indians did not 

 smelt or cast copper, but hammered their imi)le- 

 nients out of nuggets ; yet it is possible that some 

 races or tribes had the knowledge of casting. The 

 implements of copper were principally hatchets, 

 knives, and spearheads, hut there are elaborate 

 ornaments. (Handbook, pp. 666-667, fig. 40.) 



Copper Hatchet. 

 From a mound. Union Hills, Laporte 



County, Ind. 



("ast, No. 30820, in IT. S. National Museum ; 



original collected by R. S. Robertson. 



