320 REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1895. 



Stone mortars and pestles were used for mashing- berries. Paint pots 

 of stone, brushes, and stencils made of cedar bark formed the outfit of 

 the Indian painter. Pipes were made of slate, of bone, or of wood. 



Canoes are made of cedar wood. The types of canoes vary some- 

 what among the different tribes of the coast, depending also largely 

 upon whether the canoe is to be used for hunting, traveling, or fishing. 

 The canoe is propelled and steered by means of i)addles. 



The houses are made of wood and attain considerable dimensions. 

 The details of construction vary considerably among the various tribes, 

 but the general appearance is much alike from Coniox to Alaska, while 

 farther south the square northern house gives way to the long house of 

 the Coast Salish. A detailed description of the house will be given 

 later on. 



The tribes comprising the North Pacific group speak a great many 

 difierent languages. From north to south we find the following lin- 

 guistic families, which are subdivided in numerous dialects, as follows: 



I. Tlingit, inhabitating southern Alaska. 



II. Haida, inhabiting (^ueen Charlotte Islands and part of Prince 

 of Wales Archipelago. 



III. Tsimshian, inhabiting ISTass and Skeena rivers and the adjacent 



islands. 



1. Nisqa', on Nass River. 



2. Gyitkca'n, on upper Skeena River. 



3. Ts'E'mcian. on lower Skeena River and the adjacent islands. 



IV. Wakashan, inhabiting the coast from Gardiner Channel to Cape 



Mudge, the region around Dean Inlet excepted; Vancouver 

 Island, except its southeastern part, from Comox to Sooke 

 Inlet; and Cape Flattery. 



A. Kwakiutl group. 



1. Xa-isla, on Gardiner and Douglass channels. 



2. He'iltsuq, from Gardiner Channel to Rivers Inlet. 



3. Kwakiutl, from Rivers Inlet to Cape Mudge. 



B. Nootka group, inhabiting the west coast of Vancouver Island 



and Cape Flattery. 

 V. Salishan, inhabiting the coast of the mainland and the eastern 

 part of Vancouver Island south of Cape Mudge, the southern 

 part of the interior as far east as the Selkirk Range, and the 

 northern parts of Washington, Idaho, and Montana; also the 

 region of Dean Inlet. 

 A. The Coast Salish. 



1. Bi'lxula, on Dean Inlet and Bentinck Arm. 



2. (j)aLo'ltx, at Comox and Toba Inlet, formerly north of 



Cape Mudge. 



3. PE'uLatc, at Comox. 



4. Si'ciaL, on Jervis Inlet. 



5. Sqxo'mic, on Howe Sound and Burrard Inlet. 



6. Qau'etcin, on Cowichan River and lower Fraser River. 



