322 REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1895. 



The types expressed by these figures may be described as follows: 

 The northern Indians are of medium stature. Their arms are relatively 

 long, their bodies short. The head is very large, particularly its trans- 

 versal diameter. The same may be said of the face, the breadth of 

 which is enormous, as it exceeds the average breadth of face of the 

 North American Indian by 6 mm. The height of the face is moderate; 

 therefore its form appears decidedly low. The nose is very low as 

 compared to the height of the face, and at the same time broad. Its 

 elevation over the face is also very slight only. The bridge is generally 

 concave, and very flat between the eyes. 



The Kwakiutl are somewhat shorter, the trunks of their bodies are 

 relatively longer, their arms and legs shorter than those of the first 

 group. The dimensions of the head are very nearly the same, but the 

 face shows a remarkably different type, which distinguishes it funda- 

 mentally from the faces of all the other groups. The breadth of the 

 face exceeds <»nly sliglitly the average breadth of face of the Indian, 

 but its height is enormous. The same may be said of the nose, which 

 is very high and relatively narrow. Its elevation is also very great. 

 The nasal bones are strongly developed and form a steep sirch, their 

 lower end rising high above the face. This causes a very strongly 

 hooked nose to be found frequently among the Kwakiutl, which type 

 of nose is almost absent in all other parts of the Pacific Coast This 

 feature is so strongly marked that individuals of this group may be 

 recognized with a considerable degree of certainty by the form of the 

 face and of the nose alone. 



The Harrison Lake type has a very short stature. The head is 

 exceedingly short and broad, surpassing in this respect all other forms 

 known to exist in North America. The face is not very wide, but very 

 low, thus producing a chamteprosopic form, the proportions of which 

 resemble those of the Nass River face, while its dimensions are much 

 smaller. In this small face we find a nose which is absolutely higher 

 than that of the Nass River Indian with his huge face. It is, at the 

 same time, rather narrow. Tlie lower portion of the face appears very 

 small, as may be seen by subtracting the height of the nose from that 

 of the face, which gives an approximate measure of the distance from 

 septum to chin. 



The Salish of the interior have a stature of 168 cm. Their heads are 

 shorter than those of the tribes of Northern British Columbia or of 

 the Indians of the plains. Their faces have the average height of the 

 Indian face, being higher than that of the northern type of Indians, 

 but lower than that of the Kwakiutl. The nose is high and wide, and 

 has the characteristic Indian form, which is rare in most parts of the 

 coast. 



The social organization of the tribes of the coast shows considerable 

 variation. The tribes of the northern parts of the coast have a mater- 

 nal organization, while those in the south are purely paternally organ- 

 ized. The central tribes, particularly the Kwakiutl, show a peculiar 

 transitional stage. 



