500 REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1895. 



The Ts'a/watEeiiox, Guau'aenox, HaxuiVmis, T'Eiia'xtax, and A'wai- 

 LEla have the followiug order so far as I have been able to learn : 



1. Mfi'maq'a. 



2. Ilfi'mats'a. 



3. Hai'aq'antElaL (speaker clauce). 



4. Hawr/xaqulaL, who iuducea chiefs to destroy property, coppers, etc. 



5. Walas'axil'aL. 



6. HauiViadalaL (a fool dance). 



Among the Koskimo, G-o'p'enox, L'a'sq'enox, and Gua'ts'enox the 

 t'o'X'uit is first in rank. Next is the ma'maq'a, and then follows the 

 hiVmats'a. 



The La'Lasiqoala, Naqo'mg-ilisala, NjVqoaqtoq, and (lou-i'hi do not 

 inclnde all the dances enumerated above in the winter ceremonial 

 (ts'e'ts'aeqa). A large number, particularly the fool dancers, the hawi'- 

 nalaL, and all the animals, are included in a ceremonial called no'nLEm, 

 which is neither ba'xus (secnlar or profane) nor sacred. Songs belonging 

 to both seasons are used in this ceremonial. I shall discuss tliis cere- 

 monial more fully later on (Chapter XII, p. 621). The number of mem- 

 bers of the ts'e'ts'aeqa is consequently small. They are arranged in 

 the following order, beginning with the highest: 



1. Ma'maq'a. 



2. HiVinata'a. 



3. Ha'mtSEtsoe. This is a hfi/inats'a who is not taken away by BaxbakualanuXsi' waO, 



but only dreams of him. Consequently his initiation is performed in the 

 house. He has neither the ha/mats'a cry (hap) nor the ha'mshamtsKs cry 

 (h wip). His song has words only. His badges are like those of the ha'mats'a. 



4. Ts'e'kois. 



5. Ts'e'koa'ta. 



6. H"ai'alik"auae. 



7. O'lala (corresponding to the t'o'X'ult). 



8. Lolo'i.iilaL. 



9. YiaiatalaL, or Q'o'minoqisaL. 



10. Pa'xalalaL, shaman dance. 



11. Wa'tauEm. These are the novices who have just entered the ts'f-'ts'ar'qa. After 



the ha'mats'a has been initiated four times he is wa'tauEm — that jneans, 

 pulled ont of the dancing house. He becomes a ({ue'cintsa. During this 

 transitional period he is waLawe, 1. e., wa'tauEm in a transitional stage. When 

 a ba'xus offends the q'a'q'anas, which include the above dancers, he is made 

 wa'tanEm. He dances in four houses and becomes a novice. The following 

 year he will be initiated in one of the higher societies. 



IX. The Winter Ceremonial of the Kwakiutl. 



I can now proceed to describe the ceremonial at wiiich all these 

 dancers perform their ceremonies. Generally it is connected with the 

 refund of the purchase money for a wife, the qaute'x-a, as described on 

 page 421. 



I will describe first the great ceremonial which is the same for all tlie 

 laxsa, but most elaborate for the initiation of a ha'mats'a. The whole 



