THE KWAKIUTL INDIANS. 593 



Then G*ri/sa arose nnd said: "Did you hear the speech of our old 

 chief? It made me feel proud and happy, for I am a young man and 

 did not know liow we obtaiued our winter ceremonial. Let us remem- 

 ber the speeches and traditions of our ancestors. Take care, ma'maq'as, 

 ha/mats'as, maa'myaank", and you, que/qutsa of the Koskimo, Gua'ts'e- 

 nox and L'a/sq'euox, for we are all one tribe now. Do not fall and do 

 not laugh, that the Kwakiutl may not sneer at us. I am going to watch 

 you carefully, and if I should see anyone breaking the laws of the win- 

 ter ceremonial, he will be made a wa/tauEm. He will have to wear a 

 long white feather and dance in all the houses of the Kwakiutl. After 

 his dance he will have to distribute at least one hundred blankets. This 

 will be the i:)unishment for any transgression of the rules of our 

 ancestors." 



When lie had tinished, two men, Na/kuaLe and Walx-aLtsamt, entered, 

 and the latter spoke: "Be quiet, slaves of the red cedar bark! I have 

 seen our two chiefs who were taken away by (V'e'xdEn's Baxbakufilan- 

 uXsi'wae. They look dreadful, dressed in ornaments of balsam pine. 

 I narrowly escaped them.'' G'fi'sa asked, "Is that true?" When he 

 said so, a man who was standing on the roof of the house secretly gave 

 a signal to the two new ha'mats'as, who were waiting in the woods at 

 the west end of the village. They rushed down to the beach, crying 

 "hap, hap." When the people who were assembled in the house heard 

 them, To'qoamalis sent G-a/sa to the roof of the house to look around. 

 He came back and said : " Slaves of the red cedar bark, prepare to meet 

 our two new ha'mats'as." 



Then the people left the house, the four ma'maq'as first. They were 

 followed by the six ha'mats'as, who wore ornaments of red cedar bark 

 and eagle down on their heads. Cedar bark was wound in four turns 

 around their arms and legs. Next followed the inaa'myaank", tiie 

 young women, who also wore rings of red cedar bark, but no arm rings 

 or leg rings. They had a belt of cedar bark and wore button blan- 

 kets. Their faces were painted black, with three horizontal lines (one 

 over the eyebrows, one over the lower part of the nose, and one just 

 under the mouth) and four vertical lines (one downward from the mid- 

 dle of each lower eyelid, and one from the middle of each temple). When 

 these three groups had left the house, the remaining qfie'qutsa shouted 

 "yu" four times. Then they all rushed out of the house, and followed, 

 in a separate group, the three preceding groups. The ma'maq'as were 

 singing. The ha'mats'as walked on silently. Their heads and arms 

 were held downward. The maa'myaank" were singing and dancing, 

 and the que'qutsa cried "yu" every few minutes. 



When they had reached the new ha'mats'as, the four ma'maq'as sur- 

 rounded them. The six old ha'mats'as formed a circle around the 

 ma'maq'as. They in turn were surrounded by the maa'myaank", who 

 held each other's hands. The que'(iutsa surrounded the last in a half 

 circle, also holding each other's hands. Only the four speakers, Ma'a, 

 NAT MUS i>5 38 



