644 REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1895. 



dancing and singing are kept up for several days. Finally, presents are distributed, 

 a ft-ast is held, and the friends retire. The patient and novitiates are obliged to 

 wear their dress for one month. It consists of the bark lieaddress, having instead 

 of feathers, two thin strips of wood, feather-shaped, but differently painted. Those 

 of the jiaticnt are red at each end and white in the center, with narrow transverse 

 bars of l)lMe. Those of the novitiate have blue ends and the center nnpainted. 

 The patient's face is painted red, with ]>erpen(licular marks of blue on the forehead 

 and the lower part of the face. The novitiate's foreliead and lower portion of face 

 is painted with alternate strii)es of red and blue, the remainder of the face blue; the 

 head band is also wound with bine yarn and yellow bark. The head band of the 

 patient is Avound with red. The tails of bark of both headdresses are dyed red. The 

 ])atient carries in his hand a staff which can be used as a sujiport while walking ; this 

 has red bark tied at each end and aronnd the middle. 



The Dukwally and Tsiahk are the performances more frequentlj' exhibited among 

 the Makahs than any others, although they have several different ones. The ancient 

 tanui'nawas is termed Do-t'hlub or Do-t'hlum,' and was formerly the favorite one. 

 But after they had learned the T'hulkoots, or Thunder bird, they laid aside the 

 Do-t'hhib, as its perfonnance, from the great number of ceremonies, was attended 

 with too much trouble and expense. The origin of the Do-t'hlub was, as stated to 

 me by the Indians, in this manner: Many years ago au Indian, while iishing in deep 

 water for codfish, hauled up on his hook an immense haliotis shell. He had scarcely 

 got it into his canoe when he fell into a trance, which lasted a few minutes, and on 

 his recovery he commenced paddling home, but before reaching land he liad several 

 of these trances, and on reaching the shore his friends took him up for dead, and 

 carried him into his house, where he presently recovered, and stated that while in 

 the state of stupor he had a vision of Do-t'hlub, one of their mythological beings, 

 and that he must be dressed as Do-t'hlub was and then he would have revelations. 

 He described the appearance, as he saw it in his vision, in which Do-t'hlub pre- 

 sented himself with hands like deer's feet. He Avas naked to his liips, around which 

 was a petticoat of cedar bark dyed red, which reached to his knees. His body and 

 arms were red; his face painted red and black; his hair tied up in bunches with 

 cedar twigs, and cedar twigs reaching down his back. When his friends had dressed 

 him according to his direction, he fell into auotlicr trance, in which he saw the 

 dances which were to be performed, heard the songs which were to be sung, and 

 learned all tlie secret ceremonies to be observed. It was also revealed that each 

 performer must have a piece of the haliotis shell in his nose, and pieces in his ears. 

 He taught the rites to certain of his friends, and then performed before the tribe, 

 who were so well pleased that they adopted the ceremony as their tama'nawas, and 

 retained its observance for many years, till it was superseded bj^ the Dukwally. 

 The haliotis shell worn by the Makahs in their noses is a custom originating from 

 the Do-t'hlub. Other ceremonies are occasionally gone through with, but the 

 description above given will serve to illustrate all those observed bj^ the Makahs. 

 Different tribes have some peculiar to themselves, tlie general character of whicli is, 

 however, the same. It will be seen that the public part of these performances are 

 ratlier in the nature of amusements akin to our theatrical pantomimes than of 

 religious observances, though they are religiously observed. 



THE LKU'NGEN. 



My information ou the ceremouials of the Coast Salish is very mea- 

 ger. 1 obtained the folh)wiug information from the LkuTigEn, the 

 tribe which occupies the territory near Victoria, British Columbia. 

 They have two secret societies, the tcyiyi'wan and the xEnxani'tEl 

 (dog howlers). 



' This is clearly the Kwakiutl word no'nLEm. 



