GRAPHIC ART OF THE ESKIMOS. 809 



length, between whicli are the short lateral lines and zigzag, showing 

 the method of engraving and the artistic evolution of the pattern. 



Plate 30, figs, 1-4, represent kantag handles. The specimen shown 

 in fig. 1 is from Sledge Island, and is ornamented by two parallel longi- 

 tudinal lines between which are cross lines by threes at intervals of 

 about an inch. In fig. 2 the sets of cross lines are by twos, but on the 

 inner side, facing one another, are short lines, as in the ornamental 

 pattern before referred to as the fish traj) or seal tooth, giving rise 

 ultimately to the zigzag. In fig. 3 is represented a handle, upon the 

 upper side of which the ornamentation consists of ten whales in relief, 

 while upon the under side is a very neatly engraved mammal of the 

 same species, though extending horizontally instead of transversely. 



In fig. 4 the upper side represents two horizontal lines with the short 

 lines extending inward between their opposing fellows, a sort of inter- 

 digitation, the interior spaces representing a rude zigzag with the outer 

 angles being removed instead of being shaped to a point, as in the true 

 zigzag. 



In the next illustration of a bag handle, plate 31, fig. 4, are tln^ee 

 parallel lines extending from end to end. From the outer lines inward 

 are short lines at intervals of perhaps ^ of an inch, while extending to 

 either side from the central line are similar short lines extending out- 

 ward so as to project between the short lines from without — a sort of 

 interdigitation, resulting in a double row of the "fish trap" pattern or 

 rude zigzag presented in so many of the illustrations. 



Fig. 2 of the same plate also bears a series of like ornamentation, the 

 concept perhaps also being found in the fish trap. 



Plate 37, fig. 3, represents a bow, one end of which terminates in an 

 animal's head, while about the neck, the middle, and the rear end are 

 parallel lines, from the inner side of which and approaching the oppo- 

 site side are small triangular points so arranged alternately from one 

 side to the other as to leave an intervening space in the form of zigzag. 

 This design is very common on work from several particular localities. 

 It is used as an ornament in filling out blank spaces, as in the illustra- 

 tion (fig. 6 on the same plate, 37), where it serves to decorate seals' 

 skins, seventeen of them being placed in a row. This may be compared 

 with like illustrations in connection with conventionalizing. 



Plate 31, fig. 1, represents a bag handle, locality unknown, upon 

 which is showii a pattern consisting primarily of a central incision 

 extending from end to end, from which radiate toward either side sev- 

 eral series of diagonal lines, which appear to be similar in type to that 

 shown in plate 38, fig 1, and on plate 39, fig. 2. 



On plate 34, fig. 1, is a small wooden box obtained at Cape Nome. 

 It has a sliding lid, while the two lower projections, resembling feet, 

 are in reality the outlines of bears' heads. As will be noted, there are 

 several outlines of flintlock guns shown upon the lid, besides other 

 characters, while along the margin are short diagonal lines arranged 



