GRAPHIC ART OF THE ESKIMOS. 815 



Those circles also represent the arms; just why I do not know. Tlie spots over a 

 dog's eyelid, usually brown iu color in the dog, are also called Tuq, and a dog thus 

 marked is called Tuqoliq. The word refers to the dark colored portion of that 

 region and has nothing to do with the orifice, hut when the circle is made thus 0, 

 then it refers to the hole [spot] and the surrounding part. 



I have elsewhere shown how the circk;, or r;ither the sjjiral, may be 

 drawn to denote mobility, as in the shonlder Joint of the lij;ure of a 

 grasshopper to denote the Kahuatl symbol for Chapultepec.* The 

 circle is also used on various figures of seals, and apparently denotes 

 the shoulder Joint, as shown in harpoon head in the collection of the 

 Mttseum (No. 43750). Further illustration of the conventional use of 

 circles is given under the caption of Conventionalizing, with i^late 75. 



The employment of an iron or steel bit, evidence of which appears 

 to have been one about three sixteenths of an inch in diameter, is shown 

 upon a neatly-carved seal obtained in St. MichaeFs, here represented as 

 the lower right-hand figure on plate 43, fig. 4. The specimen was used 

 as a seal drag, two perforations beneath the reach communicating with a 

 larger one at the lower part of the abdomen, through which the neces- 

 sary cord was passed. These bit marks are in the form of decorative 

 circles, the central holes being in each filled with a wooden ])eg, the 

 eyes, though smaller, also being plugged with hard wood. 



Plate 37, fig. 4, represents a specimen of bag handle or drill bow 

 from Point Barrow, showing a number of nucleated rings, only one 

 nucleus being without the second outer ring, indicating that these 

 circles are made with different instruments. 



Similar nucleated circles appear upon specimens from an entirely 

 remote locality. In fig. 1 of the remaining specimens upon plate 43 we 

 have a fetish made of hippopotamus tooth, secured by Mr. Dorsey 

 Mohuu on the Lukuga River, in the Kongo State, Africa. The nuclei 

 are probably one-eighth of an inch in depth, while the circle surround 

 ing each one -fourth inch in diameter. The groove clearly indicates 

 the use of a metal tool in every respect resembling the circles and 

 res])ective central pits upon the ornamented drill bow shown in fig. 4 

 on plate 37. 



The specimen referred to is an imitation of the human form, the head 

 slightly bowed forward, the arms close to the body, with the hands 

 reaching toward each other before the body. The body is represented 

 as cut oft" a little below the umbilicus, and is scooped out below as if 

 intended to be placed upon a rod. 



Another specimen, fig. 2, represents a hair dressing pin, from the same 

 locality, 2f inches long, with a sharp point below, while the almost flat 

 top or head is ornamented with five similar nucleated circles, each 

 three-sixteenths of an inch in diameter. 



The remaining specimen, fig. 3, from the Lukuga River, Kongo State, 

 Africa, is a slightly concave disk, bearing five series of concentiic 



"Beginnings of Writing." Appleton & Co.. N. Y., 1895. p. 90, fig. 49. 



