GRAPHIC ART OP THE ESKIMOS. 821 



Philip IIJ Between the horses and base line is the iigiire of a helmet, 

 suggesting the head gear of the slain over which the victor is driving. 

 On some specimens the helmet is replaced by the fulmen, a A, or the 

 Greek /'. 



Because of the limited space, the wheel of the chariot is rather oval, 

 suggesting perspective on the engraving, though on later imitations 

 this can not be claimed for the elliptical form of the wheel or the 

 character substituted therefor. "The earliest of the Gaulish imita- 

 tions," says Doctor Evans,'* " follow the prototype pretty closely, but 

 eventually both the head and the biga become completely transformed." 



The earliest British coins showing such imitation of the Philippns 

 are believed to be of the i)eriod of 150-200 B. C., although the death 

 of Philip II took place B. C. 336, so that his coins began to be 

 imitated in Gaul about B. C. 300. 



The author whom I have above quoted says ailso that coins reduce in 

 weight for the sake of the small gain of the governing power; and 

 coincident with such reduction in weight, and jjerhaps size, there is a 

 remarkable change in types, in each successive imitation, thus depart- 

 ing more and more from the original prototype. "The reduction of a 

 complicated and artistic design into a symmetrical figure of easy execu- 

 tion was the object of each successive engraver of the dies for these 

 coins, though probably they were themselves unaware of any undue 

 saving of trouble on their part or of the results which ensued from it."^ 



By reference to the illustrations as figs. 4 and 5, and plate 47, figs. 3 

 and S, examples selected from many diverse forms, there will be observed 

 a most remarkable deviation in engraving from the original type. The 

 wreath and hair become so strangely altered as to be scarcely recog- 

 nizable, a few geometric or other simj)le figures serving in place of the 

 leaves and locks. These finally result in a cross-like figure, as in plate 

 47, figs. 1 and 2, while in some still other imitations the head is repre- 

 sented by an ear of grain, like wheat or rye (designated by Doctor 

 Evans as corn). 



The most interesting changes occur, however, upon the reverse of 

 the imitations, and it is to these changes that I wish to make special 

 reference. 



As stated, the typical Philippns bears beneath the horses a helmet, 

 as shown upon the illustration in plate 46, fig. 1. This article of head 

 gear may or may not have been known to the Gauls, and if it were, it 

 is more than jjrobable that the Britons were unfamiliar with it, being 

 more remote from the peoples by whom such defensive armor was 

 used, so that even if the helmet was represented ujjon Gaulish imita- 

 tions, the British engraver seems to have ignored the exact form and 



1 Eckhel. Quoted at seconrl hand from Niimismata Helleuica, by William Martin 

 Leake. London, 1886, in footnote. 



2 " The Coins of the Ancient Britons." London, 1864-1890, p. 24. 

 'Idem., p. 28. 



