GRAPHIC ART OF THE ESKIMOS. 827 



strips of clotli, to which are attached "brass disks (about 3 iuches in 

 diameter) and other ornaments, such as brass charms, beads, and but- 

 tons." It is probable that these materials are specially made in Russia 

 for trade with the natives; nevertheless the nucleated circle is an 

 important feature in ornamentation thereon, the metal j^endant, of 

 which an illustration is given in fig. .'50, being not only very similar to 

 the prehistoric ornaments of Scandinavia, but is decorated in the same 

 manner. 



Mr. Jackson says furthermore: "While I am talking about Samoyad 

 jewelry, I might mention the vast buckles sometimes used to fasten the 

 belt. They are made of brass, stamped out with patterns, and are 

 often 9 iuches in diameter. Of brass, too, and copper are their rings; 

 and they even wear reindeer bells, each weighing at least half a jtound, 

 hanging from their elbows." 



It is but natural to suppose that native art is thus stimulated, and 

 influenced, by the i^robable introduction of materials of foreign manu- 

 facture, such trinkets being gaudily decorated to add to their attract- 

 iveness in the estimation of the uncultured natives. 



BECOKATION OF PERSONAL ORNAMENTS, UTENSILS, ETC. 



The utilization of various figures to apply simply for ornamentation 

 is very common, and is of later date than the incision of simple lines 

 and dots. The animate and other characters do not seem to have been 

 used in any aesthetic manner until the system of pictography had gained 

 a firm foothold. I^umerous examples are here given of simjile decora- 

 tion of drill bows, for which no other record was ready, and of the 

 various styles of decorating articles of primitive jewelry or i)ersoual 

 ornaments, and other objects of daily use. 



The following list comprises a number of selections to illustrate the 

 various methods of decorating articles of personal use or adornment, 

 utensils of daily use, and other objects. 



A number of ear pendants are represented in plate 48, figs. 1-8 and 

 10. The chief interest lies in the variety of ornamentation, consisting 

 of drill holes, circles, concentric rings, and in one instance serrations 

 are attached to the circles. 



The cup-shaped specimen shown in fig. 9 is a powder charge, orna- 

 mented with conventionalized figures of flowers, fruit, etc., to which 

 special attention is given in connection with conventionalization. 



Plate 32, fig. 1, represents ear pendants made of beluga teeth. They 

 were obtained at St. Michaels, and are ornamented with the zigzag 

 pattern frequently alluded to as the "fish trap" pattern. This pattern 

 is quite neatly made and presents an unusually pleasing effect. Upon 

 the bare space between the two transverse rows of (nuamentation is 

 incised a small cross — a figure quite unusual in Eskimo art. 



Plate 32, fig. 2, represents a buckle or ornament used by girls in 

 securing the hair. The decoration represents a face, the eyes being 



