GRAPHIC ART OF THE ESKIMOS. 



847 



Eskimo. The double paddle is so often used in portraying signals on 

 ivory that its representation here will be of interest in showing how 

 accurately the native artist portrays even the tapering form of the 

 blades. 



iii 



Fig. 5;!. 



KAIAK. 



Fig. 54. 



KAIAKS. 



On plate 27 is shown an illustration of a native kaiak model. 



Several forms of the native ijortrayal of kaiaks are shown in figs. 53 

 and 54. The first is a simple outline and incomplete, and an occupant 

 was evidently intended to be i)ortrayed, as all the remaining portion of 

 the record from which it was selected was complete in every detail. The 

 two illustrations in fig. 54 are less accurate in outline, the latter being 

 a simple group of scratches. 



The s]^ecimen shown in fig. 55 is very accurately drawn, the hari>oon 

 and seal float being shown upon the kaiak immediately behind the 

 hunters. 



The representation of large boats used for traveling, hunting, and 

 fishing, for the propulsion of which boat oars and sails may be used, is of 

 such frequent occurrence in the records of the Eskimo, 

 that a reference to the vessel and its actual appearance 

 is deemed apjiropriate. 



This large skin-covered open boat is in general use 

 by the natives of Greenland and Alaska, as well as by 

 the Aleuts and some Siberian tribes. The vessel is designated as the 

 umiak, by tlie Point Barrow natives, and some of the Aigaluxamiut, of 

 the southern coast, have used this name as well as the term baidarka. 



Eig. 5G represents a model of an umiak from Utkiavwiii, U. S. IST. M., 

 No. 565G3,' and seems to illustrate the general form so closely followed 

 in the engravings by native artists. The natives sit with the face 

 toward the bow, using the paddle and not an oar. The women are 



Fig. 55. 



KAIAK. 



Fig. 56. 



MODEL OF UMIAK. 



said by Egede, in his "Greenland" (p. Ill), to sit with the face toward 

 the stern, "rowing with long oars." Mr. Murdoch^ remarks with refer- 

 ence to this that "though the women do a great share of the work of 



1 From the Ninth Annual Report Bureau of Ethnology, 1887-88, 1892, fig. 345'', p. 340. 



2 Idem, p. 335. 



