910 REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1895. 



It is seldom that the indication of speech is attempted by tlie Eskimo, 

 but in iig. 133 an excellent portrayal of the idea of urging by means 

 of the voice, or calling, is given. The two men are traveling with a 

 sledge and three dogs, the foremost of the figures having a line extend- 

 ing from the side of the head— presumably the mouth— to thele ader 

 of the dogs. The idea is also exhibited in other pictographs made by 



Eskimo, and is not of rare 



yit. .--<^t/ occurrence in pictographic 



J\ fff^ir^'^^^^i^^r*^'^ drawings of the natives of 



^^ ■ " Kadiak, as stated by Vladi- 



rig.133. • XT «■ 



mir JNaomon. 



NATIVE SPEAKING TO DOG. 



Voice lines are frequently 

 and similarly portrayed by the Cheyenne, Arapaho, and Dakota Indians. 

 In pictographs relating to hunting expeditions and pastimes the lirst- 

 named tribe is perhaps one of the most advanced in expressing pic- 

 torially some of the juore difficult ideas, not only objective ones but 

 subjective as well. 



The line extending from the mouth to denote speech is a visible pre- 

 sentation of the common gesture sign for the same idea, made by 

 passing forward from the mouth the extended index linger. 



M. 



1 



1 2 3 4 



Fig. 134. 

 SHORE LINE, OR WATER MARKS. 



The elevated left hand of the leader of the party is an additional 

 indication that he is urging the dogs to (juicken their pace, or perhaps 

 to exert greater effort in pulling the sledge. 



The illustration in tig. 134 represents several men carrying an 

 umiak. The vessel at No. 3 is raised above the ground, the four lines 

 resembling props or supports being the men's legs. The boat is being- 

 carried toward the water, the shore lines being indicated by the vertical 

 curves at ^STo. 2. The artist felt that he had not the skill in perspec- 

 tively showing the water's edge, and so 

 X)laces the water lines in a position in 

 w^hich they may clearly be observed. 

 The four crosses at the lelt of the engrav- ^'^' '^ ' 



1 , i £• 1 1 -1 J.1 ,^ A CAPTIVE WHALE. 



mg denote wateriowl, whde the hgures 



at No. i denote a standing one in conversation and gesture with the 



departing ones, and another seated upon the ground. 



A good portrayal of the whale is given in fig. 135. The spray — a small 

 character for which is placed over the highest ridge of the head — is 

 portrayed to specify the nature of the mammal. The oblique line pro- 

 truding from the back is the harpoon which was used in the capture. 



An interesting fact connected with this pictograph is the represeuta- 



