020 



KEPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1895. 



Upon eitlier side of the face are seals, ornameuted with rayed cir- 

 cles, while aloug the lower edge are two parallel lines bearing interior 

 decorations of simple cross lines. 



The upper edge has a simple longitudinal crease, while beneath this 

 line is furthermore oriuimented by short lateral ones. 



INDIVIDUAL SHAMANISM. 



The illustration presented in fig. 142 is perhaps unique, the original 

 having been obtained from a native well versed in shamanism, and in 

 fact professed to be one. 



Descriptions of shamans' ceremonials in medicine lodges, especially 

 in the initiation of candidates, were published by the present writer in 

 the Seventh Annual Keport of the Bureau of Ethnology, and relate 



to the Ojibwa Mide'wiwin or 

 Grand Medicine Society, a cult 

 society known to the Catholic 

 Fathers who first came to Can- 

 ada, but which, until the above 

 r*eport was published, had 

 never been thoroughly under- 

 stood. The complete exposi- 

 tion of the mythology and 

 ritual thereto was given by the 

 •present writer; and a similar 

 contribution to science has 

 been recently published in the 

 Fourteenth Annual Report of 

 the same IJureau, and embraces 

 the exi)osition of the ceremoni- 

 als of the several cult societies 

 of the Menomini Indians, the 

 report being a i)art only of the 

 memoir which embraces a com- 

 plete history of that tribe, first 

 known through their discovery 

 by Nicollet, in 1034. 

 The illustration given above, representing an Eskimo shaman heal- 

 ing a sick man, with the explanation given by the recorder thereof, is 

 of peculiar value and interest. The Innuit ceremonial structures are 

 partly underground, the roof being covered with turf and other 

 materials, and the entrance thereto being by a partly underground or 

 possibly tunnel-like passage- way. 



In the figure, a represents the entrance to the chamber, or lodge, as 

 a habitation of natives or Indians is often designated'; />, the fireplace; 

 C-, a vertical ])iece of wood upon which is placed a cross piece, upon 

 each end of which is a lamp made of steatite and fed with fat; d, the 



Fig. 142- 



SHAMAN CURING A SICK MAN IN THE CEKEMONIAL 

 STRUCTL-RE. 



