GRAPHIC ART OF THE ESKIMOS. 



923 



Fig. 143. 



a, SHAMAN MAKING INCANTATIONS 

 INVOKING AID. 



suiall mammal. Beyond the middle of the bow, toward the right, is a fig- 

 ure of a kaiak with a native within it paddling forward toward a larger 

 umiak under sail. In front of this stands a man with a gun uplifted, 

 as if shooting toward the deer whose feet are attached to the uj)x>er 

 line or base line of the preceding record. Beyond this is the outline of 

 another umiak under sail, and occupied by 

 three hunters. 



In fig. 143, No. a, is represented a native 

 who desired the services of a shaman, and, 

 upon visiting one, declared his needs and 

 l)robably paid the fee usually required. 



The shaman, making his usual ceremonies 

 of incantation to invoke his guardian spirit, 

 or tutelary daimon, is shown with that 

 creature about to depart on the mission 

 desired by the shaman. 



The spirit is a bird, and, as all flying 

 creatures are deemed lucky, it is here rei^resented in unusually large 

 size, to increase the importance of the performer. 



Another illustration of making incantation is shown in fig. 143Z>, the 

 shaman expressing his ability to cause fish to come to the hunter by 

 whom the proper fee is paid. The drawing is taken from an Alaskan 

 shaman's drum, but appears to be foreign to pure Eskimo drawing, 

 having probably originally come from the Thlinkit, or neighboring 

 tribes of Athabaskan stock. 



A remarkably interesting engraving is reproduced in fig. 144. The 

 profession of the Eskimo shaman is very like that of his confrere of the 

 Menomini and Ojibwa Indians, of Wisconsin and Minnesota, respec- 

 tively. He has the power to invoke his personal guardian or tutelary 

 daimon in aiding him to secure the services of other deities or spirits 

 to perform certain acts of exorcism, or incantation and invocation, so 

 that a spirit messenger may be sent on almost any mission for informa- 

 tion that may be desired j or the guardian spirit or daimon may bring 

 about some events, or control the actions of both men and animals, as 



may be desired. 



In the illustration, fig. 

 144, is shown first, at No. 

 1, an assistant, who aids 

 the performer, No. 2, by 

 using the magic or 

 "medicine drum." No 

 doubt a hunter has called, and for a certain consideration, or promise 

 of some parts of the game secured, has solicited the shaman for "hunt- 

 ing medicine," in order that he may secure a whale. 



The two men, the shaman and his assistant, are both within the 

 shaman's lodge, the inclosure or habitation being indicated by the 



6^^-^'^ 



:! 4 



Fig. 144. 



SHAMANISTIf CEREMONY. 



