GRAPHIC ART OF THE ESKIMOS. 935 



Other iuteresting and similar illustrations of nucleated rings, in con- 

 nection with lines to denote human beings, are given by Hans Hilde- 

 brand,' as also concentric circles and simple nuclei in the same work, 

 page 381. These illustrations are of petroglyphs, and it is evident that 

 in the first named instance the nucleated ring is the head of an oarsman, 

 or perhaps one in authority, as most of the designations for the rowers 

 are alike in length and form, whereas the nucleated figures are always 

 nearer one end of the vessel. 



Plate 31, fig. 3, bears ui)on one side a median incision, upon the upper 

 sides of which are represented a series of conventionalized trees. Upon 

 the reverse are similar tree patterns, but drawn at obli«jue angles, all 

 leaning toward the left. 



In the figure of a ship's anchor chain the links are indicated. by draw- 

 ing the chain zigzag. This is found to occur in only one instance, as 

 shown on plate 40, fig. 2. 



Other interesting examples of conventionalizing are shown in the 

 distinction between the portrayal of an ice fioe, being a simple curved 

 line as in No. 5 of fig. 112, to denote transparency of substance, while 

 the walrus upon it is incised and the surface blackened. 



A similar view of walrus upon rocks is shown in fig. 3 on plate 70, 

 the rocks being outlined somewhat after the order of a floe, though, to 

 show the solid and creased sides of the dark material, the pictograph 

 is incised with the zigzag-like i)attern, frequently illustrated in orna- 

 mental borders as the fish-trap pattern. 



Plate 38, fig. 4, shows a bag handle from Point Hope. The outer 

 edges are scalloped, a small circular excision appearing at the points 

 where these scallops should terminate, each of these excisions being 

 furthermore ornamented by a circular line which surrounds it and from 

 which radiate shorter lines at right angles like the rays of the sun. 

 In the middle of the handle, extending from end to end, is a high, 

 rounded ridge, at each side of which is a median line; on the sides 

 facing the circular excisions are two short lines directed outward, while 

 midway between these points are two shorter lines directed inward 

 toward one another. 



Plate 78 represents part of a page from a whaleman's log book, being 

 a journal of the bark Peri, Captain E. Eussell, who sailed Friday, June 

 29, 1854, from New Bedford, Mass., for the Indian Ocean, on a sperm- 

 whaling voyage, and returned May 26, 1857. As will be observed by 

 reference to the illustrations, the note under date of Tuesday, Decem- 

 ber 11, 1855, is as follows: 



Commences with fresh breezes from NW. Squally & Rainy heading SW. MitUlle 

 part heavy Rain. Latter part 7AM Saw a school of Sperm Whales. Lowered all 

 three boats. Struck and saved 7 Whales, got them alongside at 1 P M and com- 

 menced cutting Latt 4" 21 N Long. GO" W 



Near the left margin is a vertical column of six whales. At the 



. 1 "De Lagre Naturfolkeus Konst," Stockholm, 1884, pp. 370, 380. 



