IN RELATION TO THE FORM OF THE HUMAN SKULL. 253 



large proDortion were in perfect preservation, and the skulls pre- 

 sented, almost without exception, the characters of the German type. 

 A result altogether similar was furnished by the examination of skulls 

 found in the city of Stockholm itself, at the place known by the name 

 of Sjalagaordsgata, (Street of the Abode of Souls,) near which there 

 was once the cemetery of a convent. 



Since the epoch of my first researches I have visited Copenhagen 

 and studied a great number of skulls belonging to the museum of that 

 city; I have also had an opportunity of examining the skulls of a great 

 number of Danes, and have found the German dolichocephalic form 

 •well maintained. I have verified the same fact in Holland and in the 

 Flemish portions of Belgium and France. Moreover, Professor Vro- 

 lik, of Amsterdam, has sent me skulls of the same form found in the 

 ancient tombs of Holland. 



During an excursion in Great Britain in 1855 I was able to satisfy 

 myself anew that the dolichocephalic form is predominant in England 

 proper, in Wales, in Scotland, and in Ireland. Most of the dolicho- 

 cephahrj of these countries have the hair black and are very similar 

 to Celts. 



Through the kindness of a distinguished archasologist, M. Frederic 

 Troyon, whose activity is well known, I have received for the museum 

 of Stockholm several skulls of Burgundians, derived from the ancient 

 tombs of that race in the Canton de Vaud. All present the same 

 Germanic form. 



The first Roman skull that I had an opportunity of seeing was sent 

 to me by the late Dr. Prichard. It had been picked up on an ancient 

 field of battle near York with another skull of different form. Dr. 

 Prichard desired to know my opinion on the nationality of these two 

 skulls, but he studiously kept from me any information which might 

 serve to guide my conclusions. I ascertained that the first of these 

 two skulls had a dolichocephalic form altogether peculiar, which was 

 not yet represented in the collection of the Carolinska Institute. I 

 found, however, that this form coincided perfectly with the descrip- 

 tion and figures of Roman skulls which have been left by Blumenbach 

 and Sandifort. The other skull was smaller, much elongated in form, 

 straight and low, and had evidently belonged to a Celt. My con- 

 clusion then was that the former was a Roman and the latter a Celtic 

 skull. This judgment fully satisfied Dr. Prichard, since these two 

 skulls had been found, as he told me afterwards, in a field called in 

 other times the field of the emperor Severus, and that the Celts 

 (Belgoe, Brittanorum) had been defeated in that place by the Romans. 

 The Celtic skull bore on its posterior part the mark of a mortal blow, 

 received, doubtless, in the act of flight, while the wound which had 

 caused the death of the Roman had passed athwart the orbit. Since 

 that time many authentic Roman skulls have been found and studied 

 by Drs. Davis and Thurmam. Some of them were shown at the 

 British Association for the Advancement of Science, which met at Glas- 

 gow in 1855, and Dr. Davis has conferred on the museum of the Carolin- 

 ska Institute at Stockholm a specimen of a Roman skull in good pre- 

 servation, taken from a columbarium near the Appian Way, not far 

 from Rome. All these skulls offer a remarkable resemblance in form 



