268 



SOME NEW MODES OP LIGHTING. 



The Washington hinip is ahvady well known, although of recent 

 invention. It belongs to the type of huni)s in which the conihnstibh' 

 li(ini(l is vaporized in a special chamber above and within reach of the 

 flame. Air is admitted to this chamber and, mixing with the vapor- 

 ized oil, is led by Avay of two large tubes at the side of the lamp to 

 feed the flame. The vaporizing device is a simple metallic tube 

 heated by radiation from the incandescent mantle which surrounds 

 it. A cock at the lower end of this tube regulates the admission of 

 the liquid, which, after being vaporized, passes out through a small 

 orifice at the top and mixes with air in the chamber above. Thence the 



mixture is led downward through 

 the two tubes at the side of the 

 lamp and is conveyed to the burner 

 through a wire netting. The in- 

 candescent mantle, which surrounds 

 the vai^orizer, is held by a metal 

 support fastened to the vaporizer 

 itself. Thus the flame which ren- 

 ders the mantle incandescent at 

 the same time feeds itself by vapoi-- 

 izing the oil in the tube. In the 

 earlier models the lamp required 

 to be started by first burning a little 

 alcohol in a cup below the burner 

 so as to vaporize enough oil to begin 

 the incandescence, after which, of 

 course, the lamp continued to pro- 

 duce the vai)or consumed. As 

 first exhibited, the lamps were fur- 

 nished in two types of two and 

 three burners yielding, respectively, 

 500 and 750 candlepower, but 

 recently JVI. Georges Washington, 

 of Brussels, has devised other types 

 of less intensity, and the company is now constructing portable lamps 

 of about 50 can(llei)ower. 



The Kitson system of lighting, introduced in Germany by a Dres- 

 den syndicate, is analogous to the preceding. An oil reservoir, con- 

 venieiitly ])laced outside the dwelling, communicates by capillary 

 tubes to the burners. By means of a force pump an air pressure of 

 about 4 atmospheres is produced over the oil in the reservoir, which 

 is thus caused to circulate througli the capillaries. 



There are several notable differences between the Washington and 

 Kitson lamps. In the latter a vaporizing tube, common to the several 

 burners of a single lamp, runs horizontally over the burners, and upon 



Fig. 1. The Kitsuu lamp. 



