552 CONTRIBUTIONS OF AMERICAN ARCHEOLOGY TO HUMAN HISTORY, 



Old World. The stone age and the red race stand i^ractically alone 

 within the field of study. 



In America the high-Avater mark of culture barely reached the 

 lower limit of civilization. In the Old World the fuller representa- 

 tion of man's cai'eer is above that limit, so that America can be ex- 

 pected to assist, especially in building up the substructure of human 

 history. It can be expected to furnish a fuller reading of the early 

 chapters of culture progress than any otlier part of the world. 



The position of aboriginal America in the field of cultui-e history 

 and the area of that history which American archeology, as well as 

 American ethnology, can be expected to illumine is clearl}^ indicated 

 in the accompanying diagram. 



In this diagram the whole field of human history is represented 

 by the five spaces which, beginning below, are: (1) The stage of pre- 

 human development, through and out of wdiich the race arose; (2) 



S Knl)q|lnfen«d. 



^ ClMl«««d 



3 Gar\Mr' 



1 8 





the average stage, in which humanity took definite shape; (3) the 

 barbarous stage, in which powerful nations were founded and sys- 

 tems of record were developed; (4) the civilized stage, in which 

 higher culture was achieved, and (5) the enlightened stage, reached 

 as yet only by a limited number of nations. The idea of time is not 

 involved in this diagram. The stages of progress thus become a 

 scale on which the cultural achievements of any race or people in its 

 struggle upward may be laid down. It enables us to shoAV just what 

 relative place is taken by each race or people and just how much and 

 at what points each can contribute to the history of man ; for human 

 history as written is composite, made up of the separate histories 

 of many peoples of all grades of development set together as a 

 mosaic. 



The fan-shaped figure A in the diagram may be taken to express 

 the history of the race; that is, the whole of human progress from 



