580 ARCHEOLOGICAL RESEARCHES TN ARGENTINA AND BOLIVIA. 



for the arms and for the fingers, pins with heads shaped to resemble 

 the Llama's, pierced metal disks, implements of the same ty23e as 

 those common in the Puna, and fragments of tweezers — were also 

 found. Some of the copper specimens I have had analyzed, with 

 the result that the material of which they are made is pronounced 

 to be of sterling quality, with but trifling traces of any impurities. 

 The finds from Tolomosa, as well as the other collections I made 

 during the progress of the expedition, are undergoing examination, 

 and I trust I may be able to complete my work upon them in the 

 near future. The collections are all at the ethnological section 

 of the Eiksmuseum in Stockholm. 



To judge by the finds from the various dwelling places, it would 

 seem as though Ojo de Agua and Casabindo were inhabited by the 

 same tribe, or at all events by tribes nearly related to each other, 

 while in the Tarija Valley, on the other hand, there would appear to 

 have dwelt a population considerably dissimilar to those in the above- 

 enumerated localities. The majority of the specimens found in the 

 graves at Ojo de Agua have counterparts among the finds from Casa- 

 bindo, e. g., llama bits, bows, implements and ornaments of copper, 

 etc. Common to both localities was the custom of depositing walnut 

 rattles in the graves. These rattles, whose place of origin must have 

 been far-distant wooded regions, were possibly obtained by way of 

 barter with some tribe of the Chaco Indians, or were cherished as 

 relics in commemoration of warlike raids into far-off territories. 

 The find of marine mussels proves that the inhabitants of the Puna 

 must have come into contact with tribes who lived far removed from 

 them. The custom of burying children in clay vessels was preva- 

 lent both at Ojo de Agua and at Casabindo, and all the heads from 

 those two localities display deformation both as regards adults and 

 children. The only head, on the other hand, which I succeeded in dis- 

 covering in the Tarija Valley does not show any trace of having been 

 deformed. The specimens discovered at the last-mentioned locality 

 are, moreover, with few" exceptions, of an entirely different type from 

 the Puna ones. The few isolated articles that are similar to specimens 

 from Ojo de Agua and Casabindo, have, in all probability, come into 

 the hands of the inhabitants of the Tarija Valle}' through the channel 

 of trade with the people of the Puna. Further, at several dwelling 

 places in the Puna, among others at Cangrejillos, I discovered here 

 and there an isolated specimen of arrowheads analogous to those 

 which are characteristic, botli in type and variety of flint, of the 

 Tarija Valley. As regards the age of the different dwelling places, 

 the finding of the iron knife and the cow horn at Casabindo proves, 

 of course, that the ancient culture, at any rate at that locality, con- 

 tinued on till the invasion of the Spaniards; but at all the other dwel- 



