PALEOBOTANY BEERY. 



317 



lites — in which the leaves were linear ftcuminate, univeined, and gen- 

 erally free from the others of the nodal whorl. This type of foliage 

 is very common and it would seem that the bulk of the calamites had 

 foliage of this sort. The second type of foliage known as Annularia 

 was like the former in habit, but the leaves were relatively broader, of 

 unequal lengths in each whorl, and appear to have been slightly con- 

 nate proximad. It is impossible to correlate foliar branches with 

 stem casts, cones, and structural material, so that while all of the parts 



Fig. 8.— Views of Calamite foliage and stems. 



1. Restoration of Calamites (after Zittel). 



la. Medullary east of a Calamite stem and branch. 



2. Annularia longifolia Brongn., from Carboniferous of Bohemia (after Feistmantel). 



3. Asterophylliles equisetiformia (Brongn.) from Carboniferous of Bohemia (after Feistmantel). 



4. Transverse section of stem, Calamodendron, from the English Carboniferous (after Schenk). 



5. Transverse section of root, Astromyelon, from the French Permian (after Renault): p, pith; xl, primary 

 centripetal xylem; x2, secondary xylem; ph, phloem; en, endodermis; 1, lacunae in cortex; \v, walls of 

 lacunae; c, outer cortex. 



of the calamites are well known in different examples, it is necessary 

 to maintain these different categories for the different classes of re- 

 mains. The foliage varied considerably not only from species to 

 species, but on the same plant, and while the two foregoing types 

 constitute useful form genera, it is not always possible to differentiate 

 sharply between them. The genus Nemntophyllum of the West Vir- 

 ginia Permian shows greatly elongated linear leaves, from 10 to 20 in 

 a whorl, and suggests a modification in the direction of the Triassic 

 Schizoneura and Neocalamites. 



