SUN WORSHIP— FEWKES. 513 



In the preceding pages the essential elements of sun worship in 

 the Hopi ceremonies ascribed to southern ■ colonists and those of 

 llano and eastern extraction have been considered, and these may be 

 said to represent forms of solar rites among these people; but 

 there are still other forms of sun worship that are said to have 

 been introduced by other people that make up the heterogeneous 

 population. Among many others may be mentioned the so-called 

 Katcinas, where we have a set of rites not as complex, but perhaps 

 more primitive. These beings among the Hopi represent ancestral 

 personages, or clan ancients. The sun is regarded as the father of 

 both Katcinas, or those who have passed on, and men and wonum 

 still living. As it is supposed that human beings that have died and 

 now live in ghostly communities have greater powers to aid the 

 living, they are appealed to and influenced by magical processes and 

 they are conjured from time to time to return to the village and 

 aid their descendants or living survivors. The occasion of their ar- 

 rival is a great festival, at which, after having been prayed to, they 

 depart for their home in the underworld, where the spirits of the 

 dead are supposed to dwell. The dramatic representation of their 

 advent and departure is celebrated by an elaborate dramatization, 

 commonly called a dance, in which masked personations of these 

 beings appear. At this time appears also a representation of the 

 Sky god, who leads the Katcinas into the pueblo. As the dead are 

 supposed to follow the setting sun to his home in the west, the 

 entrance to the underworld, the Katcina departure is also dramat- 

 ically represented when they leave the pueblo. The advent of the 

 Katcinas is accompanied by a personation of the sun, their leader, 

 just as on the departure of the personated dead from the village the 

 sun accompanies them to his western home. 



The representation of the arrival and departure of the sun and 

 his followers occurs annually in February and July, the former 

 naturally beginning before sunrise, the latter at sunset. In the 

 celebration of the arrival of the Sun god 1 leading the clan ancients, 

 or Katcinas, two men retire, early in the morning before sunrise, 

 to a shrine situated east of the town at the head of the trail, to 

 dress in an appropriate manner. One of these (pi. 7) arrays him- 

 self to represent the sun (the horned serpent symbolism is absent ), 

 while the other serves as his guide, which is practically necessary 

 on account of the size of the mask which his companion wears. These 

 two men time their entrance into the pueblo in such a way as to enter 

 it when the sun rises. They proceed in turn to all kivas or sacred 

 rooms and the houses of the foremost clans. The man personating 

 the sun (pi. 7) carries in one hand a bundle of sprouting beans and 



1 Sky-God personations in Hopi Worship, Journ. Amer. Folk Lore, vol. 15, 1902. This 

 article is limited to personations by men, whereas the present supplements it with 

 represeatations by serpent effigies. 



