SUN WORSHIP FEWKES. 515 



corn, and in the other a badge of his office. He performs the follow- 

 ing rites at each house: Approaching the doorway, he is met by the 

 oldest woman in the house, who throws a pinch of sacred meal on 

 him, uttering a prayer for desired benefits. The personator in re- 

 sponse makes six silent bows, turning first to the rising sun and then 

 to the woman, to whom he repeats the same, after which he hands 

 to her several kernels of sprouting beans as a symbolic promise in 

 answer to her prayer. He then makes with sacred meal four up- 

 right bands on the side of the doorway, after which he departs to 

 repeat the same proceeding at the next house. This occurs at the 

 door of every ancestral room throughout the pueblo and at all the 

 kiva hatchways. Having done this he departs, and in time 

 there enters the pueblo from the east a line of masked men repre- 

 senting the masked clan ancients or Katcinas, who perform an 

 elaborate rhythmic dance. These clan ancients, led by the Sun 

 god, are supposed to have now returned and remain in the neighbor- 

 hood until July, when they depart, at which time an event called 

 the farewell dance 1 is celebrated. 



The celebration of the advent of the Sky god followed by Kat- 

 cinas at the pueblo Sichomovi differs somewhat from that at Walpi 

 above described, mainly because this pueblo is of Zurii derivation, 

 being modified by personators of bird gods from the neighboring 

 pueblo, Walpi. The leader is here called Pauatiwa (Zuiii name) 

 and represents the Sky god ; the Katcinas that follow are known by 

 Zuhi names and wear masks decorated with Zuiii symbols. 



The well-known Snake dance of the Hopi, in which rattlesnakes, 

 called the elder brothers of the Snake fraternity, are introduced, is 

 quite different from the horned serpent and Katcina worship de- 

 scribed in the preceding paragraphs. Its present survival in the 

 Hopi region and its known existence at Keresan pueblos, Sia 2 and 

 Acoma, in historic times, we may ascribe to colonists whose ancestors 

 came from the same area. It is preeminently the cult of a moun- 

 tainous region, or a northern canyon culture, which spread to the 

 south where it survived into the historic epoch. 



The two cults — that of the horned serpent and that of the Snake 

 dance — are regarded as radically different. In the latter the incar- 

 nation of the Sky god in various forms, as birds or horned ser- 

 pents, plays no important role, while in the former there is abun- 

 dant symbolism indicating sun worship, so called. The Snake dance 

 of the Hopi is not primarily a Sky god cult, but rather a form of 

 ancestor worship, in which the mythic Snake maid and the Snake 

 youth figure prominently. These have been identified as representa- 



X A Few Summer Ceremonies at the Tusayan Pueblos. Journ. Amer. Eth. and Arch., 

 Vol. II, pp. 69-108, 1892. 



2 Tusayan Snake Ceremonies. 16th Rept. Bur. Anner. Eth., p. .".00, 1897. 



